Comparing the toxicity effect induced by bisphenol A abd bisphenol S in the zebrafish model

Saad, Muhamad Fikri Shazlan (2021) Comparing the toxicity effect induced by bisphenol A abd bisphenol S in the zebrafish model. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a man-made compound that can be found in polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resin and also polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This compound is used in the production of food and beverage containers, dental and medical equipment, eyewear and also kitchen utensils. BPA is a well-known endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) where it is able to cause potential toxicity effects in organisms. Studies have shown that BPA interferes with the endocrine system by mimicking the action of hormones. However recent years, the use of BPA consumer products were shifted toward its analogues such as Bisphenol S (BPS), where the understanding of its toxicity effect on human health is still inconsistent. Zebrafish shared many genetic, molecular, and biological mechanisms that are the same as humans. Thus making it a suitable model for toxicant evaluation that provides efficient testing and low maintenance cost. Objective: This study aims to compare the toxicity effect of BPA and BPS on zebrafish embryos. Methodology: The zebrafish embryos were obtained from the Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 10 embryos were induced with BPA and BPS with concentrations of 10 uM and 20 uM in each well of 24 well-plate. The compounds had their respective plates and are divided into three sections consisting of each concentration and internal control. At 120 hpf a mortality/ survival assay was conducted to observe the mortality rate of the embryos. At 72 and 96 hpf, the hatching rate was determined using the same experimental design as mortality/survival assay with some modifications. The heart rate and pericardial edema formation were observed in the cardiotoxicity assay at 96 hpf. Result: In the mortality assay, both concentrations of BPA and BPS shows no sign of significant mortality on the zebrafish embryos at 120 hpf. Similarly, at 72 and 96 hpf, the hatch rate was not affected by the exposure to both concentrations of BPA and BPS. The cardiotoxicity test showed that 10 uM of BPA caused elevation in the heart rate of the zebrafish embryos. Meanwhile, 20 uM of BPA showed a significant decrease in heart rate. There was no significant difference in the heart rate of zebrafish embryos when exposing to both concentrations of BPS compared to control. Pericardial edema was observed in 10 uM and 20 uM of BPA, while no edema formation in both concentrations of BPS. Discussion: Slightly higher toxicity of BPA compared to BPS. This is due to the low potency of binding to estrogen receptor ligand in zebrafish which makes BPS less estrogenic. BPA and BPS have no effect on the hatching due to less effective in inhibiting the expression of the hatching enzymes in zebrafish embryo. The estrogenic effect of BPA on the heart is higher due to its stronger affinity to zfERa in zebrafish compared to BPS. Conclusion: BPS is less toxic than BPA in terms of mortality and cardiotoxicity. However, both have no effect on the hatching capability.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin
Date Deposited:	22 Aug 2023 07:50
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 07:50
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1086

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