Mohd Sayuti, Nur Shafira (2021) Benzimidazole Derivatives in Managing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis. [Project Paper] (Submitted)
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the topmost leading cause of death worldwide. Previous studies reported that benzimidazole or its derivatives would be effective towards the cardiovascular disease by preventing blood clots and lowering high blood pressure. Objective: This study aims to analyse benzimidazole as anticoagulant or antihypertensive agents as well as to compare the effectiveness of benzimidazole (dabigatran, pimobendan, telmisartan and candesartan) with non-benzimidazole compound towards patients with cardiovascular conditions. Methodology: A systematic review was performed for studies related to benzimidazole and cardiovascular disease using five databases - PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Emerald Insight and Wiley Online Library. A total of 30 eligible studies were selected in this study. The risk of bias assessment either low or high was conducted to measure the risk of bias for each article. Lastly, all the extracted data were further analysed using meta-analysis to provide a summary result with the aid of forest plot. Results: With different cardiovascular condition, benzimidazole-derived compounds have demonstrated excellent potential as anticoagulant as well as antihypertensive agents. For anticoagulant, dabigatran works well as direct thrombin inhibitor in comparison to non-benzimidazole compounds such as warfarin, rivaroxaban and apixaban. Pimobendan acts as vasodilator in hypertensive patient, while telmisartan and candesartan function as angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB). The outcome in the process of treating hypertension is good. Discussion: For oral anticoagulation, dabigatran may be considered as a first-line option. It has good efficacy and safety profile towards patients as compared to warfarin and rivaroxaban. It does not require routine anticoagulant monitoring. Warfarin is far less effective than dabigatran at preventing new thromboses in arteries in high-risk patients. For antihypertensive, pimobendan has been proven to be useful as an add-on treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure who are on diuretic and digitalis medication, with or without vasodilator medication. It was well-tolerated and provided the maximal efficacy in acute and chronic heart failure patients. Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. With a half-life of roughly 24 hours, its activity lasts a long time in order to maintain blood pressure control during the once-daily dosage interval. Patient with mild to severe essential hypertension, oral candesartan cilexetil 8 to 32 mg given once day decrease blood pressure dose-dependently. Candesartan was first discovered to be an effective once-daily antihypertensive therapy. Conclusion: In cardiovascular disease patients, dabigatran plays a significant role in preventing blood clotting as an anticoagulant. Meanwhile, pimobendan, telmisartan and candesartan are effective as antihypertensive agent in lowering high blood pressure.
| Item Type: | Project Paper |
|---|---|
| Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Science |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Aug 2023 07:48 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Aug 2023 07:48 |
| URI: | http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1141 |
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