Systematic review on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for treatment of alzheimers diseases

Mohammed Yousuf Abdi, Sarah (2021) Systematic review on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for treatment of alzheimers diseases. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text FPSK2 2021 44.pdf Download (2MB)

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) remains the most predominant neurodegenerative disease as it has no definitive cure. The management of the disease relies on the administration of drugs to subside the symptoms. In recent studies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-exosomes have been marked to possess therapeutic potential for treating AD. These exosomes are naturally occurring nanospheres that protect, transport, and deliver bioactive molecules from stem cells that mediate intercellular communication hence regulating target cell function, including the brain cells. Therefore, knowledge of the properties and mode of action of these MSC-derived exosomes in potentially mitigating AD pathogenicity is essential. Objective: This study aims to gather findings that focus on the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes by systematically reviewing and analyzing published works on these exosomes targeting AD. It is hypothesized that MSC-exosomes exhibit high therapeutic potential for AD treatment by exerting various modes of action. Methodology: Relevant published works from January 2016 until December 2020 were searched using three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Medline, using “Alzheimer disease”, “secretome”, “exosomes”, “extracellular vesicles”, and “cell-free therapy” as the keywords. Only research articles on MSC exosomes related to AD were selected as the inclusion criteria. Review papers and exosomes of other types of stem cells were excluded. The articles which met the exclusion/inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool (OHAT). Results and Discussion: A total of 11 eligible in vivo and in vitro studies were included in this review. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) were the most used source for exosomes isolation. Based on OHAT risk of bias tool, the studies presented various levels of biases. The studies revealed different action modes of MSC-exosomes to alleviate AD pathology. These modes of action include mitigating neuroinflammatory response by reducing oxidative stress and immunomodulation of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors, degrading Aβ plaques via the act of degrading enzymes and regulating apoptosis through the delivery of micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Conclusion: Findings from this review provided systematic convincing evidence highlighting the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived exosomes as a prospective source for cell-free (acellular) therapy in treating Alzheimer disease.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin
Date Deposited:	22 Aug 2023 07:47
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 07:47
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1153

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