Samah, Fazirah (2020) Association between dietary vitamin D intake and hemoglobin concentration among female students in Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. [Project Paper] (Submitted)
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Abstract
Anemia is a condition where there are insufficient red blood cells to meet the physiological needs of humans. Nearly 24.6% of Malaysian adults were anemic and women of reproductive age were found at the risk group vulnerable towards anemia. Several factors may contribute to anemia which includes deficient in the dietary intake of iron, folate acid, vitamin B12 or vitamin D. There are recently emerging evidence of the utilization of vitamin D, which have been shown to act as iron absorption enhancer affecting the iron bioavailability through the suppression of hepcidin, main iron regulator. Depletion in hepcidin will lead to an increase in iron absorption thus improve Hb concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration among female students in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. A cross-sectional study has been carried out in 94 female undergraduate students. A self-administered and sun exposure questionnaire has been used to assess participant’s personal background and sun exposure level which was reported as sun exposure index (SEI). Height and weight were measured using SECA portable stadiometer and digital weighing scale, respectively. Hemoglobin level was assessed using Hemocue Hb 201+ Analyzer, and Hb level of <11g/dL was considered as anemic. A 24-hour diet recall, 3-day’s diet history, and Iron Food Frequency Questionnaire (IRONIC-FFQ) has been used to assess participant’s dietary intakes of vitamin D and other dietary components (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, vitamin C and calcium). The result were reported as mean ± standard deviation and Pearson correlation test was performed to determine the association between dietary vitamin D and Hb concentration, with a significant level of p < 0.05. The study found that there was no association between dietary vitamin D intake assessed using 24hDR (r = 0.03, p = 0.77) and 3-day’sDH (r = -0.03, p = 0.77) with Hb concentration. The prevalence of anemia among participants was 37.3% which was considered high, with a mean ± SD Hb of 12.1 ± 1.2 g/dL. The majority of participants had low SEI (mean ± SD 0.1 ± 0.2). The mean ± SD of dietary vitamin D intake were 1.0 ± 1.9 for 24hDR and 3-day’sDH (0.7 ± 1.2) and all participants were reported to have intake below the RNI. The intake of other dietary components (iron, calcium, and vitamin C) which analyzed as potential confounders were also found to be below RNI. Despite the non-significant association observed between vitamin D and Hb concentration, the study found that there was an association observed between dietary iron intake during the previous 24 hours with Hb concentration (r = 0.26, p = 0.04) but not from the other dietary components. In conclusion, dietary vitamin D intake from the diet might not have a substantial impact on Hb concentration in the present study. However, there is a need for nutrient intervention to address the lack of vitamin D intake from diet which potentially has an enhancer effect of iron status, demonstrated in previous studies.
| Item Type: | Project Paper |
|---|---|
| Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Science |
| Depositing User: | Ms Norafizah Radzuan |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2023 03:13 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2023 03:13 |
| URI: | http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1263 |
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