Koh, Sue Kie (2020) Rhinovirus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations: Identification of Cytokine and Chemokine Profile via Meta-Analysis. [Project Paper] (Submitted)
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Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections are a major cause of common colds and asthma exacerbations. RV-induced asthma exacerbations are potentially caused by an increase in T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and a defective production of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, especially interferons (IFNs). Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asthmatics were reported to have deficient IFNs production, but the findings were inconsistent. Objectives: This study aims to use meta-analysis to compare the cytokine profiles between asthmatics and non-asthmatics before and after experimental RV infection (human experimental studies) and to compare RV-induced cytokine responses of PBECs and PBMCs derived from asthmatics and those of healthy controls (ex vivo studies). Methodology: Studies related to RV, asthma and cytokines were identified from three databases – PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus according to pre-defined selection criteria. A total of 19 eligible studies were then subjected to meta-analysis. Results: Meta-analysis comparing PBECs from asthmatics and healthy subjects revealed significant deficient production of antiviral cytokines IFN-β (-0.52, p= 0.008) and IFN-λ (-0.81, p < 0.0001) after ex vivo RV-infection. However, there was no significant difference in IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES production. Meta-analysis comparing cytokine production of IFN-α and IP-10 production from PBMCs obtained from asthmatics and healthy controls did not reveal any significant difference when challenged with RV. In human experimental studies, post-infection IL-8 (1.08, p < 0.001) level was significantly higher while baseline IL-15 (-0.69, p = 0.02) was significantly lower in asthmatic group. However, there are only 2 studies included in the synthesis of data in each human experimental comparison group and thus more studies are needed to improve the power of the meta-analysis. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that significantly lower production of IFN-β and IFN-λ in PBECs may lead to increased risk of asthma exacerbations. Increased IL-8 after RV infection and lowered IL-15 production before RV infection in human subjects may also be tied to increased risk for asthma exacerbations. Deficient IFN production may result in reduced viral clearance while an imbalance of Th1 (e.g. IL-15) and Th2 (e.g. IL-8) cytokine may exaggerate chronic inflammation of the airways, subsequently leading to asthma exacerbations. Improving IFNs production and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a beneficial approach to prevent RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
| Item Type: | Project Paper |
|---|---|
| Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Science |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Aug 2023 00:32 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Aug 2023 00:32 |
| URI: | http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1335 |
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