Health risk assessment of arsenic expose via drinking water ingestion in Pasir Mas, Kelantan

Mohammad, Rohela (2013) Health risk assessment of arsenic expose via drinking water ingestion in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: There are limited studies done on arsenic in ground water and surface water in Malaysia. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted to estimate health risk for exposure to arsenic via drinking water for the population of Kangkong District. Objective: To determine arsenic concentration in drinking water and health risk assessment among adults in Kangkong District, Pasir Mas, Kelantan. Material and Method: Water samples were collected from 100 houses chosen by random sampling method. Residents with filtration systems installed were excluded from the study. Each participant was interviewed face-to-face based on Modified Baseline, Descriptive and Time-Activity Questionnaires from National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS)-Arizona study to determine drinking water consumption related information and demographics (P. Kavcar et aI., 2009). 41 water samples from ground water and 41 water samples from municipal water supply were collected by using HDPE bottles. Concentration of the arsenic in the water samples were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (lCP-MS). Exposure and risks were estimated for each individual by direct calculation. Result: The mean of arsenic concentration in ground water samples found to be higher than the municipal water samples. Mean arsenic concentration in ground water samples was 0.0004±0.0001 mg/L and 0.0001±0.0002 mg/L for municipal water samples. None had exceeded the National Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) arsenic limit value of 0.01 mg/L. No significant correlation was found between arsenic concentration and physical properties of the water such as pH, turbidity and temperature. There was a significant difference between arsenic concentration in ground water samples and municipal water samples (p<O.OOI). Relationship of ingestion of drinking water and health risk assessment was found to be significant for ground water only, not for municipal water. None of the Hazard Quotient (HQ) value was found to be greater than 1 and Cancer Risk (R) was within 10.6 to 10-4. Conclusion: Arsenic concentration in all water samples were far below the standard values for arsenic. The physical properties of drinking water was found to be at less satisfactory level because some samples had exceeded the range of permissible limit for pH and turbidity. Non-carcinogenic risk attributed to ingestion of arsenic in drinking water was found to be negligible. The carcinogenic risk was within acceptable range of 10-6 to 10-4. Keyword: Arsenic; Drinking water; Ground Water; Municipal Water; Health Risk Assessment; Pasir Mas

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Fazril Awang
Date Deposited:	22 Nov 2022 06:16
Last Modified:	22 Nov 2022 06:16
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/164

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