Determination of fluoride in gravity feed system water and health risk assessment exposure of fluoride among indigenous people in Sungai Mas, Pahang

Faizul, Muhammad Syakir (2023) Determination of fluoride in gravity feed system water and health risk assessment exposure of fluoride among indigenous people in Sungai Mas, Pahang. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text 200546 MUHAMMAD lp fpsk4 2023 11.pdf Download (3MB)

Abstract

Introduction Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that can be discharged into the soil, water, and atmosphere, which it can enter the atmosphere through rocks. Natural fluoride is prevalent in the environment and is not detrimental to it. The US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has classified fluoride as a highly dangerous material, and it is one of the pollutants listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Fluoride levels in drinking water, both high and low, have recently been identified as a severe public health concern. Fluoride has a negligible impact on the prevention of tooth decay but can have major negative consequences on human health. Objectives: To determine fluoride concentration in gravity feed system water of Sungai Mas Village in Sungai Lembing, Kuantan in Pahang, and the related health risk assessment of fluoride exposure among indigenous adults that live there. Methodology: Indigenous adults above 18 years old (>18 years old) were invited to join this research. Indigenous adults who have lived in Sungai Mas Village, Pahang, for more than one year and used the gravity feed system water as a drinking water source were selected as respondents. A questionnaire was used to determine the indigenous people's socio-demographics and information on gravity feed system water usage. A Handheld Colorimeter Fluoride LR and pH meter were used to measure the level of fluoride and pH in gravity feed system water, respectively. A body weighing equipment was used to measure the weight of respondents. Results and Discussion: According to this research, 98.75% of the water samples had a fluoride level lower than the permissible level, and 1.25% had a fluoride level within the permissible level. According to the findings, the research area of gravity feed system water had a fluoride concentration that ranged from 0.10 to 0.41 mg L-1. Also, the results showed that pH concentration in gravity feed system water ranged from 7.67 to 8.20, where 100% of the water samples had a pH level within the permissible level. The Hazard Quotient index (HQ) for adult indigenous people in Sungai Mas Village had below than 1 (HQ < 1), which is 0.097. Conclusion: This finding shows that Sungai Mas Village, Pahang, has low natural fluoride, which is insufficient for human consumption. The hazard quotient (HQ) value suggests that indigenous adults in Sungai Mas Village are not considered to develop health-related fluoride diseases, specifically dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.; however, several previous studies showed that people might acquire dental caries if fluoride levels are lower than the permissible limit as regulated by National Standard For Drinking Water Quality Malaysia (NSDWQ). Keywords: fluoride, hazard quotient, gravity feed system, drinking water quality, fluorosis

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	11 Mar 2024 07:46
Last Modified:	11 Mar 2024 07:46
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1646

Actions (login required)

View Item