Health risk assessment of Aristolochic acids in herbal supplements marketed in Malaysia

Mohd Khir, Nurin A’fifah (2023) Health risk assessment of Aristolochic acids in herbal supplements marketed in Malaysia. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Aristolochic acids (AA) are found in the various species of plants known as Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) and Asarum (wild ginger). Restriction of any food containing AA, especially food supplements, has been implemented in Malaysia due to its genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. Most people would believe that herbal supplements are better than synthetic medicine which lead to high demand. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to determine the risk of AAs in herbal supplements marketed in Malaysia. This study also assesses the level of AAs, estimated daily intake, and the risk of AAs in the herbal supplements using margin of exposure (MOE). Methodology: 30 samples of herbal supplements were purchased from the Malaysian market using targeted sampling strategy. Methanol extraction and aqueous extraction were used to extract the samples. Samples were analysed for the presence of AAs using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and then estimated the daily intake. Then, the MOE approach was used to decide the associated risk assessment. BMDL10 value from the literature review was used for the risk assessment. Results and Discussion: Based on the UPLC analysis, 5 out of 30 samples (16.7%) were positive to contain AAs at levels that ranged from 8.7 to 4259.1 μg g-1 for AAI and 18.5 to 681.3 μg g-1 for AAII. The combined estimated daily intake (EDI) value was from 0.5 to 64.5 μg kg-1 bw day-1 for methanol extraction and 19.5 to 137.8 μg kg-1 bw day-1 for aqueous extraction. The BMDL10 of 10 μg kg-1 bw day-1 of aristolochic acids as reported from literature review. The MOEs of all positive samples containing AAs were below 10,000 indicating the priority risk management action. Conclusion: In conclusion, AAs are still available in the market although it has been banned for many years. It shows that consumers are still exposed to the danger of this toxic chemical from herbal supplements. As a result, the use of AA-containing herbal supplements consuming AA-contaminated food still represent a significant danger. To protect the public from exposure to AAs, more strict measures are needed. Keywords: Aristolochic Acid, herbal supplements, health risk assessment, estimated daily intake, margin of exposure

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	17 Apr 2024 08:01
Last Modified:	17 Apr 2024 08:01
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1699

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