Health risk assessment of nitrate exposure in groundwater among residents at three villages In Bachok, Kelantan

Jamaludin, Noraziah (2012) Health risk assessment of nitrate exposure in groundwater among residents at three villages In Bachok, Kelantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Summary: Introduction: The nitrate exposure in groundwater especially in agricultural areas has become a major public health issue. Methaemoglobinemia is the most common disease that related to nitrate exposure. Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bachok Kelantan with an aim to determine the nitrate exposure level in groundwater and to perform health risk assessment among respondents at respective areas. Methodology: Seventy (70) respondents were selected in this study based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria. The groundwater samples were taken from each respondent well, and were analysed with DR 2500 Spectrophotometer to determine the nitrate levels. Questionnaires were used to determine the respondents water daily intake, socio-demographic background and status of water quality supply. The body weight of respondent was measured using a Seca Body Weight Scale. The health risk assessment was calculated through Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Index (HI). Result: Nitrate level in this study was below the Maximum Concentration Limit of National Standard for Drinking Water Quality of Malaysia (NSDWQ) « 10 mg/L). The value of mean ± SD for nitrate levels in all water samples were 1.66±2.11 mg/L. The highest mean ± S.D of nitrate level was in Kampung Aman (3.34 ± 4.07 mg/L) followed by Kampung Kandis (1.45 ± 1.32 mg/L) and Kampung Telong (1.43 ± 1.95 mg/L). There was a significance difference of nitrate level between each house location, (p< 0.05) and Kruskal- Wallis test showed no significant difference of nitrate levels between villages (p> 0.05). The mean ± S.D for Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Index (HI) was 0.051±0.086 and 0.032 ± 0.054 respectively Conclusion: The health risk of nitrate exposure in groundwater in respective areas was acceptable. Keywords: Nitrate, groundwater, maximum concentration limit, chronic daily intake, hazard index, Bachok Kelantan

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	22 Nov 2022 06:18
Last Modified:	16 Feb 2023 03:30
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/170

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