Association of fluoride in drinking water with urinary fluoride of school children at SMK Seri Serdang, Selangor

Mohamed Sharif, Nurul Shafina (2017) Association of fluoride in drinking water with urinary fluoride of school children at SMK Seri Serdang, Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text lp FPSK4 2017 22.pdf Download (3MB)

Abstract

Introduction: Fluoride has been described as an essential element required for normal development and growth of animals and very useful for human beings. Fluoride is abundant in the surroundings and the core source of fluoride to humans is drinking water. The Malaysian Government approved the fluoridation of drinking water in 1972 as an eff01i to reduce dental caries. However, too much fluoride can cause dental fluorosis which in severe fonn, leads to brownish mottling of teeth. Study showed that fluoride levels in a few Malaysian states were above the recommended levels and this may be a factor contributing to the higher prevalence of dental fluorosis among the population.The fluoride level in Seri Serdang area (0.68- 0.89 mg/L) slightly higher the recommended level which range between 0.4-0.6 mg/L. Objective: This study was conducted to detennine fluoride in drinking water and urine of school children. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at Seri Serdang, Selangor, involved 71 respondent aged 15-17 years old. Samples of drinking water and urine that taken were analysed by using direct reading spectrophotometer model DR 1900 HACH Brand. Result: The mean concentration of fluoride in drinking water was 0.4899 (±sd 0.1201) mg/L while the mean concentration of urinary fluoride was 1.2865 (±sd 0.3958) mg/L. There was no significant difference of mean urinary fluoride level between male and female (p=0.06). There was no significant relationship between urinary fluoride level and fluoride in drinking water (p=0.177). Drinking water was not the main contributor to the urinary fluoride (p=0.148). Conclusion: Finding shows that, there was no significant relationship between fluoride in drinking water and urinary fluoride. However, other exposure and source of fluoride that maybe contributes to urinary fluoride level were not taking into consideration and not measured in this study. Keywords: Fluoride, Drinking water, Urinary Fluoride, School Children

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	25 Jul 2024 06:49
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2024 06:49
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2018

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