Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from the cloacal swab of pigeons in the residential area of Putrajaya

Ab Manap, Nur Ainina binti (2023) Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from the cloacal swab of pigeons in the residential area of Putrajaya. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major threat worldwide, both in human and animal medicine. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits make the bacteria less susceptible to antibiotics commonly used such as ampicillin. As a result, increased healthcare costs, particularly in inventing new antibiotics that usually take a long time. Wild animals such as migratory birds could be potential disseminators of these AMR bacteria to humans as they usually lived in the house compound. This study aimed to evaluate the AMR bacteria isolated from cloacal swab of pigeons in the residential area in Putrajaya. Thirty pigeons were trapped, and cloacal swabs were collected from each pigeon. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar for bacteria isolation. The samples were also inoculated into Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) enrichment broth and continued to be plated on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar for isolation of Salmonella sp. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test. All gram-negative bacteria were tested with 12 different antibiotics namely amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, doxycycline, kanamycin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin b, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cephalothin, streptomycin and gentamicin. Whereas, for gram- positive bacteria, they were tested with six antibiotics which are vancomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and ampicillin. Ninety-one bacteria isolates were obtained from the samples. All samples were negative to Salmonella sp. Escherichia coli was isolated from 96.7% (29/30) of the samples, Enterobacter sp. 23.3% (7/30), Klebsiella sp. 13.3% (4/30), Proteus mirabilis and Aeromonas 10% (3/30) and Morganella morganii, Acinetobacter lwoffi, and Pasteurella sp. 3.3% (1/30), respectively. Bacillus sp. was isolated from 46.7% (14/30) of the samples, Actinomyces sp. 10% (3/30), Corynebacterium sp. 26.7% (8/30), Staphylococcus sp. 20% (6/30), Streptococcus sp. 10% (3/30) and Enterococcus sp. 26.7% (8/30) respectively. Most of gram-negative bacteria were sensitive towards gentamicin 98% (48/49), chloramphenicol 85.7% (42/49) and amoxicillin- clavulanic acid 79.6% (39/49) but became resistant towards ampicillin 94% (46/49). Whereas most gram-positive bacteria, were sensitive towards gentamicin 92.9% (39/42), chloramphenicol 88.1% (37/42), and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 69% (29/42) but became resistant towards ampicillin 83.3% (35/42). In conclusion, most isolated bacteria were already being resistant towards ampicillin 89% (81/91) but still susceptible to other commonly used antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol and gentamicin.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms. Nordeena Abdul Aziz
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2024 07:37
Last Modified:	30 Sep 2024 07:37
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2081

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