In vitro study of antibacterial and synergistic effect of neem leaf extract with cephalexin against staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Sewasuppramaniam, Varman (2023) In vitro study of antibacterial and synergistic effect of neem leaf extract with cephalexin against staphylococcus pseudintermedius. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen in cats and dogs, causing skin, ear, and internal infections. It is essential to investigate alternative treatments and explore their combined effects with conventional antimicrobials to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a medicinal plant gaining increasing attention for its potential in developing affordable and accessible treatments for a range of human diseases. This study evaluates neem leaf extract's antimicrobial properties against S. pseudintermedius and its synergistic effect with cephalexin. Two isolates from canine ear infection and another two isolates from feline urinary tract infections were obtained from Veterinary Bacteriology Laboratory. An agar well diffusion assay (AWD) was conducted for all four isolates in triplicates using 75%, 50%, and 25% neem leaf extract, cephalexin; a 75% extract-cephalexin combination (1:1 ratio), and 95% ethanol as negative control. The modified broth dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for cephalexin, 25% extract, and the 25% extract-cephalexin combination (1:1 ratio). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by culturing five dilutions above the MIC. Statistical analyses involved Kruskal-Wallis H Test for AWD and Mann-Whitney U test for MIC data. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, no significant difference was found in the zone of inhibition between cephalexin, three concentrations of neem extract, and the combination. However, all extract concentrations and the combination showed significant antibacterial activity (p < 0.05) against all four isolates compared to the negative control. The MIC and MBC of neem leaf extract is ranged from 0.20 - 1.56% and 1.56 - 6.25%, respectively. The synergy was evident with significantly lower (p < 0.05) antibiotic concentration needed to achieve the MIC in combination compared to cephalexin alone. This study demonstrates the significant antimicrobial activity of neem leaf extract and its enhancement of cephalexin's effectiveness, even at lower concentrations when used together.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms. Nordeena Abdul Aziz
Date Deposited:	30 Oct 2024 07:29
Last Modified:	30 Oct 2024 07:29
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2091

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