Heavy metals contamination in paddy soil and associated health risk among the farmers in Tanjung Karang, Kuala Selangor

Abd Kharni, Intan Idayu (2016) Heavy metals contamination in paddy soil and associated health risk among the farmers in Tanjung Karang, Kuala Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Heavy metal contamination of soils has been a rising environmental problem affecting agricultural and threatening human health and exposed to direct contact with dermal can give adverse health effect to human. The contamination of heavy metals in agriculture field is commonly related to fertilizers as some fertilizers are known to contain certain heavy metals. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the selected of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, As, Zn, Ni, Cr) in paddy soil and their associated health risks among the farmers in Tanjung Karang. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in Kampung Sawah Sempadan. A set of questionnaire was distributed among paddy farmers to know the gender, the average body weight (kg), exposure frequency (events/year), exposure duration (years), and averaging time (days) to calculate the health risk of the farmers for hazard quotient (HQ) and dermal cancer risk (DCR). 72 soil samples were collected from 24 different paddy plots from A to X and extracted using Aqua regia procedure. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) PerkinElmer brand was used for analyzing the samples. Result and Discussion: Result shows that the mean concentrations of heavy metals of As, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd were 17.13 mg/kg, 14.80 mg/kg, 7.21 mg/kg, 6.64 mg/kg, 3.37 mg/kg, 1.82 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg respectively in study area. Based on the health risk assessment on paddy farmers, the hazard quotient (HQ) for all selected heavy metals did not exceed I and dermal cancer risk (DCR) calculated were ranged from 3.0x10-4 to 1.3x 10-4. The mean concentration of all element selected were below than the recommended standard except for As which exceed the standard from Dutch Target value for mean concentration and exceed the Kabata-Pendias & Pendias for maximum concentration. Conclusion: The concentrations of selected heavy metals were below the value recommended by soil standards except for As which has exceed the Dutch Target Value and Kabata-Pendias & Pendias standard and also the hazard quotient (HQ) and dermal cancer risk (DCR) show that there were no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of farmers due to dermal exposure. Some of the elements studied do not have cancer slope factor and reference dose, so their respective DCR and HQ cannot be determined. Keywords: Heavy metals, paddy soil, Aqua regia, risk assessment, dermal

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	28 Oct 2024 01:12
Last Modified:	28 Oct 2024 01:12
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2092

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