Pain assessment during electroejaculation (EE) using electroencephalography (EEG) in bulls

Zainuddin, Muhammad Farhan (2023) Pain assessment during electroejaculation (EE) using electroencephalography (EEG) in bulls. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Electroejaculation (EE) is one of the methods used for semen collection in the bull at farms for its efficiency and reliability compared to other methods like artificial vagina. Past studies have shown inability to concretely associate pain with such a method. On the other hand, electroencephalography (EEG) is used as an objective method to measure brain activity and to measure pain objectively. Therefore, this study was designed to measure the EEG response to increasing voltage during EE. Six bulls were used, and they were attached with two EEG adhesive electrodes on the zygomatic arch and the temporal bone. EEG reading was taken for 5 minutes before EE as the baseline measurement and at subsequent voltage increment at voltage 2 and 4. Behaviour changes throughout the process were also recorded. The data was then analysed offline using ADInstrument LabChart Reader 8.1.25 with 10 seconds epoch interval. The result showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in median frequency (MF) from 19.13+-10.03 at baseline, to 36.94+-21.88 for 2 volts and 44.52+-14.87 for 4 volts. Similarly, total power (Ptot) also showed significant increase from baseline 8.9+-3.25, to 10.13+-2.19 for 2 volts and 11.29+-3.12 for 4 volts. Most of the bulls showed arched back, salivation, and struggling during EE procedure. However, no vocalisation was observed in any of the bulls throughout the procedure. Overall, the increase in MF response with the increment voltage indicates increased pain with higher voltage. Thus, keeping in view, the behaviour response and, it is concluded that EE may be painful method for semen collection in bulls. Future studies needed to be done to consolidate the findings of this study with the use of other parameters like cortisol and with a higher range of voltage.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms Nurhaznita Mahmood
Date Deposited:	20 Nov 2024 08:22
Last Modified:	20 Nov 2024 08:22
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2179

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