Abdul Karim, Nuraszniza (2019) Comparison study of ultrasound and microwave pre-treatments on yield optimization of agarwood oil. [Project Paper] (Submitted)
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Abstract
Agarwood is regarded as one of the foremost expensive plant and highly valuable within the world due to the scent from its essential oil produced. AGarwood refers to dense, heavy and fragrant resinous wood that came from the family of Thymelaeaceae and which is formed in the tree of Aquilaria species. The resin derived from the Aquilaria tree makes it as a high valuable tree. The essential oil itself used in varies purpose for many countries to fulfil cultural, religious, medical and pharmaceutical purpose in these centuries. Agarwood farming in Malaysia is reportedly reaching a huge amount of plantation area and causing many amounts of tree are being unexploited due to limitations of efficient method to process an agarwood. The agarwood that was used in this research is grade C that came from the peninsular of Malaysia and known as ‘karas’. Nowadays, the most method used to extract agarwood essential oil is the traditional hydrodistillation method. However, this method required a long extraction times that consume a lot of heat energy. This extraction method also has a low efficiency and higher production cost. In order to improve the method itself, hydrodistillation extraction method assisted with the ultrasound and microwave pre-treatment on yield of essential agarwood oil. The important parameter that has been studied in this research are three different agarwood size which are 1 cm, 0.2 cm and powder, time of microwave which are from 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes, time of sonication which are 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The time of extraction for hydrodistillation is 5 hours. Solvent been used in this research are water. From the result, it showed that the agarwood oil yield is increasing along with the increase of pre-treatment time. The highest percentage of oil yield for ultrasound pre-treatment is 0.2342% for agarwood powder at sonication time is 30 minute while the lowest percentage of oil yield is 0.1328% for agarwood size of 1 cm at 10 minute. While for the microwave pre-treatment, the highest percentage of oil yield is 0.2580% for agarwood powder at time of microwave 10 minute and the lowest percentage of oil yield is 0.1838% at time of microwave is 2 minute. Relatively the microwave pre-treatment give the better result as the percentage of essential oil yield is higher compared to the ultrasound pre-treatment.
| Item Type: | Project Paper |
|---|---|
| Faculty: | Faculty of Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. AZLINA ZAINAL ABIDIN |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Nov 2024 04:37 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Nov 2024 04:37 |
| URI: | http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2219 |
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