Health risk assessment of heavy metal via dietary intakes of Channa striatus fish body from paddy field Sabak Bernam

Khamarudin, Ernney Shuheida (2019) Health risk assessment of heavy metal via dietary intakes of Channa striatus fish body from paddy field Sabak Bernam. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Sabak Bernam is known as the rice producing area. For decades, the government introduced industrialized agriculture to increase the food crop yields in order to feed the growing population in the country. Synthetic pesticides are among the chemicals widely used throughout the industrial agriculture development. Nevertheless, the pesticide residues have gradually polluted and harmed the aquatic life, especially fish as it lives and feeds in the contaminated water. Therefore, the consumption of contaminated fish could affect the health of the consumer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of different heavy metals that accumulate in the fish from paddy river and its dietary human health risk to the villager. Methodology: The study was conducted at Sungai Besar, Sabak Bemam where 120 Malay villagers were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire related to dietary health intake of C. striatus fish. The data from the questionnaire was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0) and data for the level of heavy metal that accumulates in the fish collected from the paddy river were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma !V1ass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) while for the estimation of dietary health. Result and discussion: The results will subsequently be used to estimate non-carcinogenic dietary health risks among fish consumer by using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) formula and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) formula. Low concentrations of heavy metals for lead and arsenic are detected in fish muscles. Results showed that heavy metals detected in the fish muscles ranged as follows: lead (0.00828 mg/kg) > arsenic (0.00589 mg/kg) and cadmium was found undetected. As compared to the Food Act 1983, the concentration did not exceed the permitted level of arsenic and cadmium. The calculated non-carcinogenic health risk due to consumption of selected C. striatus fish showed that HQ not exceeds to one and the result for LCR was within 10-4 and 1o-6. Conclusion: The consumption of C. striatus fish in the Simpang Lima trench can be considered as safe because the HQ value was below one and LCR was in range. Consumption of fish would be considered dangerous if the HQ value is greater than one while for LCR more than 10-4. Although the heavy metals residuals found in fish were considered low, the low level chronic exposure via ingestion of contaminated fish is of particular concern. Villagers need to limit the consumption of contaminated C. striatus fish, especially directly caught from paddy river. At the same time, local farmers should reduce the pesticide used, as well as to minimize the pesticide drift that would increase the chances of cross-contamination in the water and soil near to the village and paddy field. Keyword: Fish body, pesticide, paddy field, arsenic, lead, cadmium, hazard quotient

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	24 Jun 2025 07:07
Last Modified:	24 Jun 2025 07:07
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2425

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