Mechanochemical preparation of N,S-doped reduced graphene oxide using PTZ for supercapacitor applications

Singkui, Zessy Vaneytha (2025) Mechanochemical preparation of N,S-doped reduced graphene oxide using PTZ for supercapacitor applications. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Supercapacitors, with their high-power density, quick charge/discharge capability, and long cycle life has a very high demand in all advanced energy storage technologies for global transition and development toward sustainable energy systems. This work is focused on the mechanochemical synthesis of nitrogen- and sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide using phenothiazine as a dopant with the aim of improving supercapacitor performance. In this respect, mechanochemical methods were applied for their sustainability and efficiency in the production of homogeneously doped graphene derivatives. Graphene oxide (GO) synthesized through the modified Hummer’s method underwent subsequent reduction and doping through the process of ball milling that involved the inclusion of PTZ and L-AA as reducing agent. Successfully enhanced structural transformation was corroborated, with improved morphological characteristics of N,S-rGO as confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and FESEM. The characterizations mentioned are then further pursued through various few electrochemical techniques which include cyclic voltammetry (CV) galvanostatic charge and discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As shown by the results, this showed great improvements in the values of specific capacitance, energy density, and stability in charge/discharge. These were attributed to synergistic effects because of the nitrogen and sulfur doping. These findings feature the potential of N,S-rGO as a high-performance electrode material for energy storage in view of the mechanically treated green approach, which considerably reduces environmental impact and time in the synthesis process at an industrially scalable low cost. Further optimization of the doping ratio and long-term cycling stability is needed in future studies to enable such advanced integration in commercial supercapacitors. This research adds to further development in the field of sustainable energy storage for the growing demands of efficient and ecological technologies.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General)
Faculty:	Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science
Depositing User:	Mr. Azman Mohamad
Date Deposited:	08 Dec 2025 08:21
Last Modified:	08 Dec 2025 08:21
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2528

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