Health risk assessment of aluminium residue exposure in drinking water among residents in two villages in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu

Abdul Halim, Aminah (2012) Health risk assessment of aluminium residue exposure in drinking water among residents in two villages in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Summary: Introduction: Aluminium sulphate (AhS04)3 is widely used as a coagulant in raw water treatment. Excessive aluminium exposure may cause adverse health effects in humans such as precursor for Alzheimer's Disease. A cross sectional study was conducted at Kampung Tok Jembal and Kampung Pak Tijah in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of aluminium exposure in drinking water and to assess health risk of respondent for exposure to aluminium in drinking water in Kuala Terengganu. Method: A total of 69 respondents were selected from the study population based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From every respondent's house, 250 ml treated water samples were taken by using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles and pH also was measured. Then, 0.2 ml of nitric acid (69%) was added into the water sample as a preservative. Aluminium level was determined using a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GF AAS). Results: The results showed that mean aluminium levels in drinking water was 0.2063±0.1028 mg/L. There were 27 (39.1%) treated water samples which violated the upper safe limit (0.2 mg/liter). Hazard Index (HI) calculation showed that all respondents had HI of less than 1, which indicated that there was an unlikely potential for health risk from aluminium intake in drinking water. Conclusion: Although there was no risk on adverse health effects, it was necessary for some action to be taken in order to reduce aluminium levels in drinking water. The monitoring on aluminium in treated water at household level by the authorities is very important in order to ensure that aluminium level is below the 0.2 mg/liter limit. Keywords: Aluminium, drinking water, Alzheimer's Disease, health risk, hazard index (HI)

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	22 Nov 2022 08:18
Last Modified:	15 Feb 2023 00:56
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/276

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