Effect of footwear insole on foot pain and subjective discomfort on prolonged standing among traffic police in Malaysia

Ahmad Idris, Nur Atikah (2019) Effect of footwear insole on foot pain and subjective discomfort on prolonged standing among traffic police in Malaysia. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text FPSK4 2019 27 COMPLETED.pdf Download (101MB)

Abstract

Prolonged standing is common in the occupational sector especially among traffic police. It can cause pain and discomfort in the foot, legs and lower back.in Malaysia, Iess studies has been conducted related to trafific polices foot injuries. One of the common interventions for prolonged standing is by using an ideal insole which can help in reduce foot discomfort and are often used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain as well as problems in the lower limbs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of footwear insole on foot pain and subjective discomfort on prolonged standing among Malaysian traffic police. A simple random sampling of 52 respondents (26 controls, 26 experimental) at the age ranged from 20 to 35 years was selected for this study. This study used two types of questionnaire; Borg's scale discomfort rating, to identify the foot discomfort and; American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Lower Limb Outcomes Assessment: Foot and Ankle Module (AAOS-FAM) to assess foot pain. Three types of the insole (memory foam, rubber, and gel) were given to the experimental group whereas, for the control group, they were assessed with an existing insole During 4 hours period of study, a Borg's scale foot discomfort rating was give, to the respondents at every 30 minutes. The results showed that, there was an association between foot-ankle pain and footwear insole, p=0.022. Also, when comparing the Borg's scale, control group experience increase in foot discomfort as compared to experimental group that showed constant values or slight increment. After 180th minutes, there were significant difference of foot discomfort between control and experimental group, p<0.001 and there were strong correlation between time and foot discomfort among control group at every part of foot areas, r>0.70 compared to the experimental groups, r>0.30. It also been identified by this study that footwear insoles cause an effect to foot pain and foot discomfort among Malaysian traffic police. In this study, 9 foot areas were categorized into 3 regions; Region I (hallux, lesser toe, MTP J 1, MTPJ23 and MTPJ45), Region II (medial midfoot and lateral midfoot) & Region III (medial rearfoot and lateral rearfoot). Memory foam is the best material to reduce foot discomfort for Region II and III, whereas; gel is best for Region I. This study recommends, new development of insole ( combination: Gel + Memory foam) and test among traffic police. Keywords: . Footwear insole, foot discomfort, prolonged standing, traffic police

Item Type:	Project Paper
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	29 Apr 2026 01:24
Last Modified:	29 Apr 2026 01:24
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2799

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