Health risk assessment of propylene glycol in e-liquid among e-cigarette users (vapers) in Universiti Putra Malaysia

Zulkipli, Nur Fadhilah (2016) Health risk assessment of propylene glycol in e-liquid among e-cigarette users (vapers) in Universiti Putra Malaysia. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), or Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) may not contain tobacco per se, but it still contains nicotine either natural extract or synthetic and other chemicals such as propylene glycol and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). These chemicals may harms to human have not yet to be fully established and not been studied further on its effect on human health. The prevalence of e-cigarette users also increased year by year throughout the world even though the health risks on the users were not well established yet. Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyse the level of propylene glycol in e-liquid and assess the health risk among vapers in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Methodology: A cross-sectional study had been conducted among adult male of University Putra Malaysia (UPM). A purposive sampling chosen among respondents who still reporting using cigarette or e-cigarette, meanwhile, the sampling size applied was 185 respondents. Furthermore, the top most used local eliquid had been analysed by using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method. Based on the survey conducted among vapers in UPM, Health Risk Assessment (HRA) will be measured and associated with the level of propylene glycol concentration through Chi-square analysis. Results: Majority respondents were aged between 18 to 24 years old, had single status, and obtained lower income. The prevalence of vapers kom this study was 36.9%, which increased from national prevalence of current e-cigarette users, 14%. Main factor associated with usage of e-cigarette is for smoking cessation. Average propylene glycol concentration among analysed local e-liquid was 482.110 mg/ml. There were 13.63% vapers who were exposed to unacceptable non-carcinogenic health risks due to exposure of propylene glycol in e-liquid. Conclusion: The average daily intake of propylene glycol was 13.97 mg/kg which not exceeded reference dose of propylene glycol, 25 mg/kg. However, the use of e-cigarettes may pose risks to health as almost one-tenth of the vapers had possibility of non-carcinogenic health risks. Keywords: Electronic cigarette (E-cigarette); E-liquid; Health Risk Assessment (HRA); Propylene glycol; Vapers

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Fazril Awang
Date Deposited:	23 Nov 2022 03:21
Last Modified:	23 Nov 2022 03:21
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/374

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