Formulation of Kelulut honey nanoemulsions using high-pressure homogenizer

Rozman, Azri Shahir (2020) Formulation of Kelulut honey nanoemulsions using high-pressure homogenizer. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Nanoemulsions (NEs) have been used in a wide range of products such as foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries due to its stability and longer shelf life. In this study, the formation of Kelulut Honey (KH) NEs was investigated as another potential by-product from stingless bee honey. KH NEs were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) and were characterised by observing the stability and droplets size during 3 weeks of storage at room temperature, 4 °C, and 40 °C. KH NEs were formulated using KH, oleic acid, tween 80, glycerol, and distilled water. Three different percentages of oleic acid were used to formulate KH NEs which were 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the best formulation of KH NEs. Models developed by RSM were reliable with a coefficient of determination (R2) more than 0.9 and the result of the experimental validation indicated only less than 10 % error from the expected results. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis then was used to observe the KH NEs functional group after subjected to HPH at 100MPa and room temperature. The FTIR analysis showed that all three formulations of KH NEs have the same functional group as honey after subjected to HPH. The similar functional group shown by KH NEs with honey was OH stretching and deformation, stretching of C-H, stretching of C=O, stretching of C-OH and stretching of C-O. This indicated that the functional group of KH was not affected after KH NEs being subjected to HPH. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also were used to confirm the particle size of KH NEs and investigate its morphology. TEM images showed that the particle size of KH NEs formulation of oleic acid at 1 % was less than 100 nm and the shapes were irregular. Thus, this study indicated that KH NEs can be developed using high-pressure homogenizer which projects a new direction of KH by-product

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Engineering
Depositing User:	Ms. AZLINA ZAINAL ABIDIN
Date Deposited:	15 Nov 2022 03:49
Last Modified:	15 Nov 2022 03:49
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/622

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