Cytotoxic effect of indoor and outdoor pm2.5 in sub-urban area of Selangor on human lung cells

MAHAMUD, UMMI SABARIAH (2021) Cytotoxic effect of indoor and outdoor pm2.5 in sub-urban area of Selangor on human lung cells. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Air pollution is a grave global issue, with 92% of the world's inhabitants breathing contaminated air. Exposure to PM2.5 has been reported to cause cytotoxicity in human lung cells as it induced respiratory inflammation response, and chronically, it promotes the development of non-small cell lung cancer growth and progression. Indoor PM2.5 has been found to be more toxic than the outdoor since it contained higher percentages of PM2.5 from redox-active sources. However, the concentrations of PM2.5 in indoor and outdoor vary between places as the composition depends on the sources of emission and anthropogenic activities. Objective: This study aims to compare the cytotoxic effects of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 on human lung cells. Methodology: Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected for 24 hours simultaneously on a 37 mm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane filter using a portable low-volume personal air sampler. The PM2.5 samples were collected for nine days (n=18, nine indoor and nine outdoor) from 11th February to 4th March 2021. The samples were then extracted using methanol. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 at different concentrations (25 - 200 μg/mL) on human lung cells (MRC- 5) at 24 hours incubation period. Results: The 24 hours mass concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 (4.14 μg/m3 ± 1.99) was significantly (p<0.05) three times higher than indoor PM2.5 (1.18 μg/m3 ± 0.60). A strong correlation of indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio obtained (r=0.73, I/O = 0.33 ± 0.17) from person correlation test proved that outdoor PM2.5 does affect indoor pollutant level as a whole. Exposure of indoor PM2.5 on MRC-5 cells induces cytotoxicity at higher concentrations compared to control cells, but the value is not significant (p>0.05). In contrast, exposure to outdoor PM2.5 at 100 and 200 μg/mL significantly (p<0.05) induce cell viability in MRC-5 cells compared to control cells. Conclusion: Our results found that the exposure to the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples did not significantly induce cytotoxic activity in MRC-5 cells (max concentrations = 200 μg/mL). Our study suggests that the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 sampling can be further optimized in order to increase the yield of samples collection. This will allow further evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 at higher concentrations (>200 μg/mL). Keywords: PM2.5, suburban, indoor, outdoor, cytotoxicity, lung cells

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Hafizzuddin Hamidon
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2023 04:45
Last Modified:	24 Aug 2023 04:45
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/933

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