Development and optimization of eco-friendly marker ink using mangosteen leaves

Liew, Brenda Min Ren (2020) Development and optimization of eco-friendly marker ink using mangosteen leaves. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Based on the aspiration to protect the environment and reduce the use of nonrenewable resources, this research work was conducted to demonstrate the mechanism of plant-based marker ink production using alternative raw materials which is mangosteen leaves. Glycerol, Ferrous Sulphate, Benzalkonium Chloride and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) were served as additives to enhance ink properties. Experimental designs using MINITAB software, screening process using Fractional Factorial Design (FrFD) and optimization process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), were shown to be useful in conducting experimental work in identifying the significant factors and optimi zing the responses. Based on Pareto Chart, Glycerol and CMC were identified to be the most significant factor. The optimum formulation of marker ink can be achieved when the amount of Glycerol, Benzalkonium Chloride, Ferrous Sulphate, and CMC is set as 5g, 5g, 1g, and 2.85g, respectively The desirability of optimization was calculated as 0.82815, indicating that the optimization is accurate. The microstructure of Mangosteen leaves is analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and proved that Glycerol is significant during colour extraction. Based on TGA analysis, the optimized ink was proved to dry at the highest rate Hence, the optimized ink exhibits desirable properties including low viscosity, high colour intensity and fast drying speed. This study is expected to commercially expand the local product with low production cost, unlimited resource and to be fully utilized as an alternative eco-friendly ink to replace the chemical-based marker ink in the market.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Faculty:	Faculty of Engineering
Depositing User:	Ms. AZLINA ZAINAL ABIDIN
Date Deposited:	18 Nov 2025 06:50
Last Modified:	26 Nov 2025 08:24
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2591

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