Analysis of physical and flow ability properties in measuring caking formation of selected commercial soft brown sugars available in the Malaysian market

Bakaruddin, Faghira (2021) Analysis of physical and flow ability properties in measuring caking formation of selected commercial soft brown sugars available in the Malaysian market. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Brown sugar is a sugar product with a distinctive brown colour due to the presence of molasses, known for its added flavour and faster caramelization properties are widely used as an ingredient for baking goods. The problem of caking in soft brown sugar has been causing quality deterioration as well as interfering manufacturing and handling processes in the industry. The aim of this study is to determine the possible , factors leading to the caking of sugar in terms of physical properties, flowability properties and storage condiiions. The investi gatedin this study are moisture content, colour absorbance as an indication of molasses content, mean particle size, and flowability properties of Carr's Compressibility Index and Hausner Ratio. A directly proportional graph of correlation between moisture and colour absorbance was established. The flowability properties of sugar is seemed to relate directly with the mean particle sizes. Compaction of brown sugar into sugar tablets and six days open air storage was carried out to imitate industrial warehouse storage conditions in order to investigate the factors of caking. The presence of excess moisture on the surface of sugar particles and fine mean particle sizes are found to be some of the factors which causes formation of solid bridges between particles and characterize its aptitude to cake. Flowabilitybefore and after six days open air storage is measured using the fixed funnel method in order to predict the flow property. In conclusion, the factors that causes caking are found to be high in moisture content and fine particle size as well as open-air and compacting storage condition.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures
Faculty:	Faculty of Engineering
Depositing User:	Ms. AZLINA ZAINAL ABIDIN
Date Deposited:	14 May 2026 10:36
Last Modified:	14 May 2026 10:36
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2818

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