Antimicrobial Activities of Solanum torvum Swartz: Systematic Review

Ling, Liong Fang (2021) Antimicrobial Activities of Solanum torvum Swartz: Systematic Review. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text FPSK2 2021 35.pdf Download (2MB)

Abstract

Uncontrollable use of antibiotic drugs causes antibiotic resistance. Pathogenic bacteria use a variety of techniques to establish inherent tolerance to antibiotics, including changing target sites, active drug efflux and enzymatic degradation. Medicinal plant extracts are becoming increasingly popular for combating a variety of diseases. Solanum torvum Sw. are used in traditional medicine to treat toothaches, cracks in the foot and stomachache. The fruits are served as one of the dishes due to their rich in nutritions. S. torvum Sw. are reported to perform antimicrobial activities, but the findings were inconsistent. Objectives: The study aims to do systematic review in order to identify the types of extracts and parts of S. torvum Sw. which have reported to have antimicrobial activities. Besides, the study aims to identify the species targeted and to review the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and percentage of inhibitions that have been reported in each study. Methodology: Studies related to S. torvum Sw. and antimicrobial activities were searched from five databases, that is Google Scholar, Pubmed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Scopus according to the inclusion criteria. 36 studies were included in the systematic review. Result: There were 47.8% of studies reported the antimicrobial activities that used leaf, and 28.3% of studies that used fruit, 8.7% of studies that used stem, 6.5% of studies that used whole plant, 4.3% of studies that used root and 2.2% of studies that used inflorescence and flower, respectively. There were 23% studies reported the antimicrobial activities that used Methanol extract, 23% from Aqueous extract, 5.4% from Absolute Ethanol extract, 12.2% studies that used different percentage of Ethanol extract, 8.1% from Chloroform extract, 6.8% from Acetone extract and 21.6% from other types of extracts. The leaf and the fruit were effective towards 79 and 76 species, respectively. The stem was effective towards 22 species. The whole plant and the root were effective towards 13 and 11 species, respectively. The flower and the inflorescence were effective towards 2 and 4 species, respectively. Discussion: The presence of phytochemical constituents makes the leaf and fruit widely used in the studies. Most polar groups containing antimicrobial activities are more soluble in Methanol and Aqueous extracts. Conclusion: The systematic review showed that the leaf had the highest effectiveness against microorganisms, and this is corresponding to the highest number of studies using it. Methanol and Aqueous extract were highly used in most of the studies. All the parts of S. torvum Sw. were able to inhibit or kill effectively to most of the species such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cereus, A. niger, C. albicans, C. lunata and A. fumigatus. It is recommended that specific species of microorganisms especially often found in human diseases are used to evaluate antimicrobial activities of S. torvum Sw..

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin
Date Deposited:	22 Aug 2023 07:47
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 07:47
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1143

Actions (login required)

View Item