Factors associated with haemoglobin level at third trimester of pregnancy among pregnant women in Kajang, Selangor

Robert Lojonon, Viviana (2020) Factors associated with haemoglobin level at third trimester of pregnancy among pregnant women in Kajang, Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major health problem with adverse maternal and fetal outcome worldwide. It affects not only to the mothers but to the fetus as well which result into high maternal morbidity and mortality. In Malaysia the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 37.10% (World Health Statistics, 2016). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine factors associated with haemoglobin level at third trimester of pregnancy among pregnant women in Kajang, Selangor. This study was conducted at Klinik Kesihatan Kajang, Selangor. A total of 103 pregnant women fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and interviewed. A set of questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic and socio-economic backgrounds, dietary iron intakes, and iron supplementation intake of the pregnant women while the obstetric history and haemoglobin level were obtained from antenatal record. Dietary iron intake was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. SPSS version 22.0 were used to analyse all the data. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between independent variables and haemoglobin level. Out of 103 pregnant women, the prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy in third trimester was 28.2%. Among the anaemic respondents, 65.5% and 34.5% of them were mild and moderate anaemia respectively. The mean age was 30.27 ± 4.95 years old. Majority of them were Malay (87.4%), 67% were with tertiary level of education, 55.3% were employed with a mean monthly household income of RM4135.92 ± 2275.40. In addition, 60.2% of them were multigravida, 83.5% had no history of anaemia in previous pregnancy, and 33.9% had their birth spacing lesser than 2 years.The mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 22.32 ± 4.04kg/m2 where majority of them had a normal weight (60.2%). The mean dietary iron intake was 18.23 ± 14.96 mg which was below the recommendation. More than half of the respondents took iron supplement and consumed it daily. Result showed that secondary education level (p=0.006), history of anaemia in previous pregnancy (p<0.001), and pre-pregnancy BMI (p=0.006) were significantly associated with haemoglobin level. In conclusion, the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was 28.3%. Reproductive advice and education are needed to be given among pregnant women to create awareness about the risk of developing anaemia and as well as emphasize the important of iron-rich foods during pregnancy, healthy weight management and oral supplementation to prevent the onset of anaemia in pregnancy

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	04 Sep 2023 04:18
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2023 04:18
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1246

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