Evaluation of Histopathological Analysis of Colon Tissues in the DMH-Induced Colorectal Cancer Rats Fed with High Fat Diet Supplemented with Bouea macrophylla Ethanolic Extract

Ragavan, Omilla (2022) Evaluation of Histopathological Analysis of Colon Tissues in the DMH-Induced Colorectal Cancer Rats Fed with High Fat Diet Supplemented with Bouea macrophylla Ethanolic Extract. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text FPSK2 2022 9.pdf Download (2MB)

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer occurring worldwide and has reached the second position for highly lethal cancer in just 3 years. A routinely used chemotherapy drug for CRC is the 5 Fluorouracil (5-FU) administered to prevent the recurrence of cancer. Recent studies have reported the drug resistance of 5-FU, hence, declining its established effectiveness. In this study, Bouea macrophylla (B. macrophylla) is investigated for its benefits in combating the progression of CRC. Objective: The aim of this study is to observe the effect of B. macrophylla ethanolic extract (BMEE) on colon tissues of the dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced CRC rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD) Hypothesis: Based on the previous studies on B. macrophylla, it is hypothesized that the BMEE may lower the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) identified and improves the histopathology of the DMH-induced CRC rats fed with HFD. Methodology: Colon tissue samples from both the control and treatment groups were obtained and subjected to tissue processing and embedding followed by sectioning and trimming of the embedded tissue to produce the histological slides. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed before the slides were observed under a compound microscope and the number of ACF in each group was quantified at 400x magnification. Results: Changes in the histology of the tested groups were demonstrated using the number of ACF identified through the photomicrograph. A significant difference was observed between the group receiving HFD + 40mg/kg DMH with the groups of normal control, HFD alone group, 5-FU drug control group, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of BMEE treated groups. Discussion: A reduction in the total count of ACF observed in the groups receiving 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg BW of BMEE could owe to the properties B. macrophylla possesses. B. macrophylla is known to have a high level of antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acids, phenols, polyphenols and flavonoids when extracted using ethanol thus helping to fight off free radicals which are responsible for causing damage to DNA in the development of cancer. Other phytochemicals detected such as anthraquinones and triterpenes were found to exhibit their anti-inflammatory effects. The fruit is also believed to display its anticancer properties by interfering with the cancer cell adhesion hence disrupting its lipid membrane to further activate the apoptosis mechanism. Conclusion: Findings from this study have suggested the protective effect of BMEE in DMH-induced CRC rats fed with HFD. The minimum recommended dose for future in vivo studies using BMEE is 250 mg/kg BW.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin
Date Deposited:	22 Aug 2023 06:52
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 06:52
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1353

Actions (login required)

View Item