Histopathological Analysis of Bisphenol A (BPA) Effects on Multiorgans in Colorectal Cancer Animal Model

Yahya, Nur Afiqah (2022) Histopathological Analysis of Bisphenol A (BPA) Effects on Multiorgans in Colorectal Cancer Animal Model. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely produced chemicals in the world, specifically used to manufacture plastics, epoxy resins, and other polymeric materials. Interestingly, BPA has been recognized as an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) for possessing a similar structure to diethylstilbesterol (DES), a potent oestrogen receptor (ER) agonist. Consequently, BPA can interact with ER, which is also expressed in typical colonic epithelium, predominantly by ERβ with no or limited expression of ERα. Thus, BPA is known to act as a carcinogen, increasing tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). To date, in vitro migration and invasion of CRC cells triggered by BPA have been identified, but little is known about in vivo metastasis of cancer mentioned above to surrounding organs. Objective: To further explore the metastasis of CRC, this study aims to investigate the effects of BPA on histological changes in the kidney, spleen, and liver in the CRC model. Methodology: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were separated into four groups, where A acted as a control, whereas B was administered with 25 mg/kg BPA. C was treated with 40 mg/kg 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), while D was administered with both BPA and DMH; DMH was administered subcutaneously once per week for ten weeks to induce CRC, whereas BPA was dissolved in olive oil before orally administered for twenty weeks. Spleen, kidney, and liver were removed during dissection and fixed in formalin for histopathological examination. Morphological changes in the specimens were observed and assessed for histopathologic scoring. Results: No metastatic cells from the colon were observed in any of the organ samples. Pearson’s Chi-Square revealed a statistically significant association between treatment groups and histopathological changes in the multiorgan observed. From the histopathological evaluation and scoring, liver, spleen, and kidneys showed significant differences from the control. In the liver and spleen, the BPA-treated group show no significant differences in microscopic changes compared to the BPA-DMH group. In the kidney, the BPA group is significantly different in histological changes compared to the BPA-DMH treated groups. Discussion: The absence of metastatic cells in organ samples indicates that sub-chronic oral exposure to low-dose BPA does not result in CRC progression to the multiorgan. Nonetheless, the microscopic alterations observed on the tissue samples suggests that exposure to low-dose BPA may exhibit toxic effects on the multiorgan. Conclusion: From the histopathological findings, sub-chronic exposure of low-dose BPA can exhibit toxic effects to multiorgan by altering their typical tissue architectures but it does not trigger the progression of CRC cells to the liver, kidney, and spleen. However, the effects of BPA exposure should be further dissected to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects exhibited to the multiorgan and its potential to trigger the proliferation and progression of CRC cells to surrounding organs.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin
Date Deposited:	22 Aug 2023 07:04
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 07:04
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1392

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