Determination of lutein content in selected leafy vegetables by three different extraction methods

Qin, Lau Xue (2021) Determination of lutein content in selected leafy vegetables by three different extraction methods. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Lutein is a carotenoid which is not synthesized by human body and thus must obtained from food. Lutein found in many green leafy vegetables and it is a potential antioxidant that playing a significant role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study aims to determine the lutein content in leafy vegetables by using three different extraction methods. The selected samples were microgreens of Cosmos caudatus (CC), mature of Cosmos caudatus (CC), cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta - ME), and sweet potatoes leaves (Ipomoea batatas - IB). The quantification of lutein was performed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The seeds of CC were obtained from Faculty Food Science and Technology, UPM. The growth medium for microgreens of CC was using mixed soil while the mature of CC, ME, and IB was directly purchased from Pasar Borong Selangor. After the microgreens of CC reached suitable growing phase, the plants were harvested, all the samples were subsequently freeze dried and ground to powder for the determination of lutein. All of the samples contained lutein when run together with lutein standard based on its retention time and area under the curve of HPLC. Result showed that the lutein extracted for microgreens of CC was 4.58 mg/100 g DW for extraction Method 1, 9.73 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 2, 19.96 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 3; mature CC was 6.75 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 1, 12.41 mg / 100 g DW for extraction Method 2, 20.89 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 3; ME was 6.71 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 1, 6.82 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 2, 22.68 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 3; IB was 6.68 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 1, 10.93 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 2, and 17.58 mg/ 100 g DW for extraction Method 3. There was a significant difference between three extraction methods for microgreens of CC, mature CC, ME and IB (p<0.001). All the four samples of leafy vegetables showed the significant difference between each sample which p<0.001 in Method 2 and Method 3. Overall, all samples contained lutein, a carotenoid that good for eyes. Method 3 with tetrahydrofuran is the most effective solvent to extract lutein as compared to acetone and acetonitrile: methanol. Method 3 had exhibited the highest lutein extracted, shortest extraction time, and good chromatogram separation and resolution. It is assumed that ME have the highest lutein content compared to microgreens of CC, mature CC, and IB.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	04 Sep 2023 07:00
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2023 07:00
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1413

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