Nicotine-induced pathology of embryonated chicken eggs

Abdul Rasif, Amirullah (2020) Nicotine-induced pathology of embryonated chicken eggs. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Nicotine is a plant-derived alkaloid extracted from tobacco leaves used in cigarette production. Over the years, the harmful effects of nicotines during pregnancy on neonates via inhalation of tobacco smoke are well established. However, the teratogenic effects of nicotine on embryonated chicken eggs are lacking. It is likely that the embryonated chicken eggs can be used as a valid predictive model of teratogenesis. Thus, a study was conducted to assess gross and microscopic effects of nicotine exposure on embryonic development in chickens. The embryonated chicken eggs used in this experiment apart from a control, were subjected to three concentration of nicotine. The nicotine solution was injected via the allantois commencing on the 9th day of incubation. The doses of nicotine were 15, 30, 45 mg/kg (based on egg weight) and phosphate buffer solution was used for the control. Eggs were candled daily and any dead embryos along with the those at the designated period were harvested. Three embryos from each group were harvested on the 13th, 16th, and 19th days post-incubation. Following embryo weight determination and gross appraisal of lesions, selected tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histology. Data obtained was analysed using a two-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. Embryonic mortality was only seen in the middle and high dose groups. It appeared that nicotine significantly (p=0.001) affects the general embryonic development manifested by crooked neck and digital hyperflexion, lesser embryonic length and weight, heart weight, and heart somatic index. Likewise, an interaction between dose and incubation days was only significant (p<0.05) for the heart somatic index and heart length. Comparatively, the higher dose proved to be much more toxic and caused higher rates of developmental defects. The histology of the heart, lung, and liver revealed varying degrees but dose dependent lesions such as loose and hypertrophied myocardium; degeneration and fibrosis of liver cells; and oedema and thickening of lung parabronchi, respectively. In conclusion, nicotine could impair chicken embryonic development at different stages of development.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms Nurhaznita Mahmood
Date Deposited:	23 Oct 2023 07:31
Last Modified:	23 Oct 2023 07:31
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1515

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