Viral inhibitory effect of cat litter on feline coronavirus infection in vitro

Abu Sopian., Nurul Juliana Syafinaz (2020) Viral inhibitory effect of cat litter on feline coronavirus infection in vitro. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) generally causes asymptomatic infection to mild diarrhoea, but sporadically may develop into the highly fatal feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) is a common problem in multi-cat households especially catteries and shelters as the route of transmission is via faecal-oral route through sharing of litter boxes. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether commercial cat litters in Malaysia has antiviral properties against FCoV. Another objective was to recommend best cat litter with reference to in vitro results and cost analysis. A total of seven types of cat litters were chosen based on their availability in ten pet shops surveyed within Klang Valley. The cost analysis of each litter type was determined by measuring the amount of litter removed in a day and the cost of litter per month was then calculated. To determine the viral inhibitory effect of the cat litter, each of the seven types of cat litter were mixed with FIPV 79- 1146 strain, incubated for 2 hours and the supernatants were filtered and inoculated into 24-well plates of Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed after 48 hours. Median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) method was used to determine the viral titre using Spearman-Karber method. Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant result (p<0.05) and post-hoc analysis of Dunn’s multiple comparisons test revealed significant result for wood pellet, kenaf and bentonite versus control. However, only wood pellet managed to completely prevent virus infection in cell culture, while the other five cat litters reduced virus load to varying extent from 2-fold to 6-fold reduction. Cat litters presumably reduced viral titre by adsorbing virus and binding the virions. Although wood pellet successfully inhibited virus growth in CRFK cells, it was costlier than four other cat litters. Further in vivo study needs to be done to test the inhibitory effects of the cat litters in natural settings.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms Nurhaznita Mahmood
Date Deposited:	09 Nov 2023 03:44
Last Modified:	09 Nov 2023 03:44
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1530

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