Cadmium concentration in freshwater fish and health risk assessments in two areas at Kluang, Johor

Mohktar@Mokhtar, Hilaliyah (2013) Cadmium concentration in freshwater fish and health risk assessments in two areas at Kluang, Johor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text Ip FPSK4 2013 27.pdf Download (51MB)

Abstract

Introduction: Fishes are the main supply of protein besides meat and poultry products and contributed to a large percentage of dietary protein globally. However within this era of industrialization that full of factories that discharge the heavy metal as their side effluents to the river, may caused fishes in the river to contain heavy metal that could give negative effects for health. One of the common heavy metals that can found in fish is cadmium. This research is important to estimate respondents health risks to cadmium detected in freshwater fish since it was frequently consumed by respondents. The health risk assessement is conducted to quantify the probability of the harmful effects of cadmium to the human population. Objective: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to determine the cadmium concentration in freshwater fish and health risk assessment in two areas which represent polluted and less polluted area. Instrument & Methodology: A total of 30 respondents from Kampung Sedohok (near to polluted Sembrong River) and Kampung Punjut (near to less polluted Kahang River) was randomly selected based on the inclusion criteria. A set of pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information, fish frequency intake and health status of respondents. Three species of most consumed freshwater fish (N=6) based on the fish frequency questionnaire were caught from selected river by the local fisherman using net method which later were analysed for cadmium concentration by using AAS. The health risk assessment was indicated by Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) Results: All freshwater is detected with Cd from the range of 4.68 to 7.29 mg/kg. The concentration of cadmium is detected higher in polluted river compared to less polluted river that is about ration 2:3. The health risk assessment of respondents is determine and found that there is a significant difference between the health risk that is HQ and LCR of respondents between both Kampung Sedohok and Kampung Punjut Conclusion : The fish from polluted Sembrong River showed a slightly higher in cadmium concentration compared to less polluted Kahang River. Otherwise, the health risk (HQ) and (LCR) of respondents were also slightly higher in polluted Sembrong River compared to less polluted Kahang River. Therefore, due to high frequency of fish consumption of relatively high concentration of Cd in fish from Kampung Sedohok, therefore a strong significant relationship was found between fish consumption and risk assessment. Recommendation: It is recommended to take along the biological sample in order to make a more confirmation regarding exposure to cadmium. Key words: Cadmium, freshwater fish, Lifetime Cancer Risk, Hazard Quotient

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Fazril Awang
Date Deposited:	27 Oct 2022 07:34
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 04:27
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/160

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