Health risk assessment of manganese in drinking water from gravity feed system among children of Orang Asli community

Mustafa, Haninah Fadiah (2023) Health risk assessment of manganese in drinking water from gravity feed system among children of Orang Asli community. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text 200996 HANINAH FADIAH lpFPSK4 2023 27.pdf Download (1MB)

Abstract

Introduction: Manganese is an essential element for humans; however, exposure to a high level of manganese can give adverse health effects, especially neurobehavioral problems among children including motor skills, and problems with attention and memory. The sources of manganese that entered the human body may also come from the ingestion of drinking water from sources of water that are not treated such as gravity feed systems. The gravity feed system which is one of the water supply systems used by the Orang Asli community in Malaysia may contain high levels of manganese from a reduction of rocks or soils. Therefore, health risk assessment is one of the tools that can be used to identify the risk of health effects due to exposure to manganese in drinking water among the children of the Orang Asli community. Objectives: To determine the health risk from exposure to manganese in drinking water from gravity feed systems among children of Orang Asli in Ulu Chuai Village, Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted by collecting 38 samples of water from the household of Orang Asli Ulu Chuai Village to analyse the levels of pH and concentration of manganese in the drinking water A questionnaire about daily water intake was used to interview 38 children aged 9 to 17 years in the village where some of them are related to each other and some are not. A digital weighing scale was used to measure the children’s body weight while Iris Spectrophotometer was used to analyse the water samples. Results and Discussion: All of the respondents were using the gravity feed system as their water source and 92.1 % (35) of the children drank water that has been boiled first while another 7.9 % (3) directly drank from the pipes. The mean level of pH was 6.87 while the median level of manganese was 0.20 mg/L. The results showed that pH levels were between the standard limit (6.5 – 9.0) while manganese concentration was above the NDWQS, 0.10 mg/L. There was no significant correlation recorded between manganese concentration and levels of pH. Based on the calculation, the mean (0.0309) and maximum (0.1185) values of HQ for all respondents were below 1.0. Conclusion: In conclusion, there were high concentrations of manganese found in the water from the gravity feed system. However, lower HQ values obtained show that there was no health risk observed in the children when they consumed drinking water containing manganese. Therefore, the water was considered safe but actions need to be taken to ensure the manganese concentration will not increase in future. Keywords: manganese, gravity feed system, health risk, drinking water, children

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	17 Apr 2024 07:38
Last Modified:	17 Apr 2024 07:38
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1696

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