Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study of african swine fever (ASF) in domestic pig tissue

Huam, Ze Shiun (2022) Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study of african swine fever (ASF) in domestic pig tissue. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a DNA virus belonging to the family of Asfaviridae, genus Asfivirus. The main target of ASFV is macrophage and causes high mortality and morbidity in swine industry which leads to significant financial loss to the farmers. ASF is one of the most important swine diseases nowadays as there is no vaccine available and is difficult to prevent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the histopathological lesion and to detect the ASF viral antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Archived samples from three pigs which include liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph node tissue were processed. H&E staining was used to observe the histopathological lesions while IHC was used to detect the p30 protein of the virus. For IHC, the concentration of ASF antibody 1:1000 is chosen following optimization to produce the best intensity and preventing non-specific staining. For antigen epitope retrieval, the microwave setting of 50W for 15 minutes is better than 100W for 10 minutes as the tissue tends to slough off from the slides in the latter. Phosphate-buffered saline and pig’s lymph node tissue from biopsy archived were used as a negative antibody control and negative tissue control. The results for histopathology showed mainly haemorrhages in the spleen, lymph node, kidney, and liver. IHC revealed ASFV antigen positive staining in the macrophages from various tissues especially lymphoid organs (spleen, tonsil, and lymph node). The histopathology and IHC provide an alternative method to diagnose ASF as a confirmatory test to prevent unnecessary culling and economical losses for the farmers.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms Nurhaznita Mahmood
Date Deposited:	30 May 2024 07:48
Last Modified:	30 May 2024 07:48
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1845

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