Urinary fluoride and its relationship with fluoride in drinking water among school children in Hulu Langat, Selangor

Zainal, Nurhanis (2018) Urinary fluoride and its relationship with fluoride in drinking water among school children in Hulu Langat, Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text FPSK4 2018 12.pdf Download (75MB)

Abstract

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and urinary fluoride among school children in Hulu Langat, Selangor. Levels of urinary fluoride between male and female respondents were also compared. Besides, fluoride level in drinking water and urine were compared with the allowable standard. Method: Using purposive sampling technique, a total of 46 school children from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dusun Nanding, Hulu Langat aged 14 years were chosen as respondents. Questionnaires were administered while consent forms were given to both respondents and their parents. Drinking water and urine samples were collected using pre­cleaned high density polyethylene (HOPE) and plastic bottles, respectively, for two consecutive days. Both samples were analysed using a HACH brand direct reading spectrophotometer model DR/1900 and SPADNS reagent was used to detect fluoride. Result: A positive correlation (p < 0. 05) was found between fluoride in drinking water and urinary fluoride. However, there was no significant difference of urinary fluoride levels (p > 0.05) between male and female respondents. Fluoride in drinking water and urine both showed significant difference when compared with standard, NDWQS and NIOSH method 8308, respectively. Conclusion: Fluoride in drinking water contributed to urinary fluoride among school children in Hui u Langat. However, urinary fluoride levels showed no difference between male and female respondents. Fluoride in drinking water and urine were also fotmd within range allowable by standard. Keywords: Fluoride, drinking water, urinary fluoride, school children, Hulu langat

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	28 Oct 2024 01:03
Last Modified:	28 Oct 2024 01:03
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2090

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