Histopathological evaluation of gill, liver and kidney of tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a polluted river in Hulu Langat, Selangor

Moslim, Nor Azzalina (2023) Histopathological evaluation of gill, liver and kidney of tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a polluted river in Hulu Langat, Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Fish living in polluted water often accumulate heavy metals in their tissues mainly in the gills, liver and kidney, which can lead to pathological changes. Langat River was chosen due to Class III of the Water Quality Index (WQI), indicating that the river is slightly polluted while Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) were used as bioindicators of environmental pollution. This study aimed to identify the histopathological changes in the gills, kidneys and liver of tilapia from Langat River and to compare whether there are histopathological changes differences between adult and juvenile tilapia. Eight tilapias were caught, weighed and euthanized before post-mortem. Gills, liver and kidney samples were processed accordingly before being stained with H&E staining. 20 fields of interest were randomly selected per slide, and histopathological changes were scored accordingly. The data was collected and the statistical analysis of the Mann-Whitney U test at p<0.05 was done. Qualitative microelement identification of the muscle and water samples was performed by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Histopathological changes in gills are characterised by the lifting of respiratory epithelium, hyperplasia of lamellar epithelium, fusion of several lamellar and lamellar disorganisations. The liver showed histopathological changes in the deposition of Melanomacrophage Centres (MMC), pigment deposition, necrosis and congestion while in the kidney, there was deposition of MMC, congestion, cellular degeneration and intraluminal discharge. Based on the statistical analysis, lifting of respiratory epithelium and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelium in gills, deposition of MMC, pigment deposition and necrosis in the liver, and deposition of MMC and congestion in kidney had a significant difference between adult and juvenile tilapias. Fusion of several lamellar and lamellar disorganisations in gills, congestion in the liver, and cellular degeneration and intraluminal materials in the kidney did not reveal any significant difference between the two groups. EDX analysis of muscles revealed the presence of Na, Mg, P, Cl, K, Nb, Pt, Cu and S in both groups. There was also a presence of Hf in the muscle sample of the adult fish, and Ca and Rb in the juvenile fish. Water samples indicated the presence of Mg, K, Ca, Cu, Al, Si, Fe, Ti and W. In conclusion, the tilapia from the Langat River were exposed to pollutants and demonstrated histopathological changes. In the adult group, changes in the liver were proven to be more significant, while no significant difference in the gills and kidneys between both groups.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms. Nordeena Abdul Aziz
Date Deposited:	30 Oct 2024 07:43
Last Modified:	30 Oct 2024 07:43
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2097

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