Health risk assessment of nitrate exposure in ground water among residents at three villages in Tanah Merah, Kelantan

Mustapha, Muhammad Hilmi (2013) Health risk assessment of nitrate exposure in ground water among residents at three villages in Tanah Merah, Kelantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: The nitrate exposure in groundwater especially in agricultural areas has become a major public health issue. Methaemoglobinemia is the most common disease that is related to nitrate exposure. Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tanah Merah, Kelantan with an aim to determine the nitrate exposure levels in groundwater and to perform health risk assessment among respondents at the respective areas. Methodology: Eighty (80) respondents were selected in this study based in the inclusive and exclusive criteria. The groundwater samples were taken from each respondent's well, and were analyzed with a YSI Professional Plus to determine nitrate levels. Questionnaires were used to determine respondents, water daily intake, socio-demographic background and status of water supply quality. The body weight of respondents was measured using a Seca Body Weight Scale. The health risk assessment was calculated using the Chronic Daily Intake (CD I) and Hazard Index (HI). Results: Nitrate levels in this study was below the Maximum Concentration Limit of National Standard for Drinking Water Quality of Malaysia (NSDWQ) «1 Omg/L). The value of mean ± SD for nitrate levels in all water samples were 0.91 ± 1. 00 mg/L. The highest mean ± S.D of nitrate levels (mg/L) was done Kampung Padang Siam which was (1.07 ± 1.11 mg/L) followed by Kampung Bechah Kelubi (1.05 ± 1.15 mg/L) and the mean ± S.D (mg/L) for Kampung Chawas was (0.58 ± 0.53 mg/L). There was a significant difference in nitrate levels between each location (p<0.05), and Kruskal- Wallis test showed no significant difference in nitrate levels between these villages (p>0.05). The mean ± S.D for Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Index (HI) was 0.021 ± 0.024 and 0.134 ± 0.146 respectively. Conclusion: As far as nitrate exposures are concern, the groundwater would not cause detrimental health effect to those who use it for daily purpose. Keywords: Nitrate, groundwater, maximum concentration limit, chronic daily intake, hazard index, Tanah Merah

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Fazril Awang
Date Deposited:	22 Nov 2022 06:37
Last Modified:	22 Nov 2022 06:37
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/211

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