Lim, Avril Shu Ting (2023) A comparative study of the acaricidal effects between tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) aqueous extract and fipronil on the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). [Project Paper] (Submitted)
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Abstract
The Brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is found worldwide, and predominantly feed on dogs and occasionally other mammals including humans. It is notable for tick-borne diseases transmission of public health and veterinary concern. Chemical tick control has led to the development of tick resistance, host intoxication and environmental pollution. Hence, environmentally safe alternatives such as ethnobotanic compounds should be introduced for small pet mammals use. This study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro acaricidal effects of aqueous extract of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) at different concentrations, and compare its efficacy with a commercial acaricide, fipronil. Brown dog ticks were collected from the environment of a dog shelter, and kept alive in ventilated falcon tubes. Dried N. tabacum was procured from a local market in Penampang, Sabah and grounded into powder. Stock solution of N. tabacum (100%, 250mg/mL) was prepared by diluting the powder in sterilised distilled water. A total of 70 ticks with equal numbers of females and males were equally divided into seven treatment groups comprising five concentrations of tobacco aqueous extract (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 6.25%), fipronil (0.29%, w/w), and a control (sterilised distilled water). The treatments were done in four replicates for two exposure regimes (Envelope and Immersion). The Envelope Test (ET) was performed by sandwiching the ticks between two filter papers soaked with the respective solution, whereas in the Immersion Test (IT), the ticks were dipped into the respective solution for five seconds, then placed on a filter paper in a ventilated petri dish. Tick mortality was recorded at different time intervals over a period of 24 hours. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to compare the mortality percentage, LT50 and LD50. Results from both exposure regimes proved that the tobacco aqueous extract possessed acaricidal effects. After 24 hours, 100% tick mortality was observed in the ET for all the extract concentrations except for 6.25%, with all the extracts being significantly different (P<0.05) than the control. The 100% extract concentration displayed the highest mortality rate in the IT. The acaricidal effect of the extract was concentration-dependent and its efficacy was comparable to fipronil with LT50 of 100% tobacco aqueous extract being much shorter than fipronil. The LD50 of extract in the ET and IT were 5.48mg/mL and 128.93mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, N. tabacum aqueous extract exhibited potential to be used as an acaricide for R. sanguineus control, and its efficacy was comparable to the commercial acaricide, fipronil.
| Item Type: | Project Paper |
|---|---|
| Faculty: | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Nordeena Abdul Aziz |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Nov 2024 08:22 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Nov 2024 08:22 |
| URI: | http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2149 |
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