Health risk associated with nitrate exposure in groundwater at Kampung Kuchelong, Bachok, Kelantan

Hasnan, Muhammad Amirul Afif (2019) Health risk associated with nitrate exposure in groundwater at Kampung Kuchelong, Bachok, Kelantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Nitrate is one of the compounds of nitrogen that is formed in nitrogen cycle from both natural and anthropogenic processes. Nowadays, elevated human activities such as agricultural activities, farming activities and industrial activities cause nitrate accumulation in water resources as for example in groundwater and surface water. Most of rural areas in Kelantan still depend on well water as their primary water resources and for their main economic activities especially agricultural activity which uses high amount of nitrate fertilizer to culture their crops. The increased use of nitrate fertilizers has a confirmed risk factor associated to health problems such as methemoglobinemia, and possible risk of cancers. Objectives: To determine levels of nitrate in groundwater and health risk among respondents in Kampung Kuchelong, Bachok, Kelantan. Methodology: This study was conducted among residents at Kampung Kuchelong, Bachok, Kelantan. A total of 47 respondents was chosen based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Groundwater samples were taken from each of the respondent's houses. It was then analyzed by using Portable PH/ORP/ISE Meter model HI98191 and Probe Model H14113, while a set of questionnaires was distributed among respondents for health risk assessment of the exposure. Results and Discussion: The mean ± SD of the nitrate level was 5.10 ± 5.83 ppm, while the range was from 0.73 ppm to 27.10 ppm. There were no significant correlation between age, depth, and distance of well from nitrate source with nitrate level in underground water as the P value was more than 0.05 (P>0.05) and all the HI value obtained were less than 1. Conclusion: The underground water in Kampung Kuchelong, Bachok, Kelantan is considered safe for consumption. However, contamination by nitrate, nor by other contaminants should be avoided as it can lead to various health effects. Keywords: Nitrate, Groundwater, Health Risk Assessment, Bachok

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	09 Apr 2025 02:01
Last Modified:	09 Apr 2025 02:01
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2346

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