Heavy metals contamination in puree-type commercial infant food (CIF) and their potential health risk to consumers in Klang Valley

Mohammad Zuhdi, Muhammad Elyas (2024) Heavy metals contamination in puree-type commercial infant food (CIF) and their potential health risk to consumers in Klang Valley. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Puree-type commercial infant food (CIF) serve as a valuable supplementary source of nutrition for infants. However, there is concern that the puree-type CIF is tainted with heavy metal. Thus, exposing infants to these contaminants may cause adverse effects as they are sensitive and vulnerable. Objectives: This research aims to determine the heavy metals (chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) concentration in puree-type commercial infant food (CIF) that is available in the Malaysian market and assess the potential health risks of repeated heavy metals ingestion among infants. Methodology: Four hundred and twelve questionnaires were distributed to the infants' mothers residing in Klang Valley to collect information, including brand and price of the puree-type CIF, body weight, frequency and duration of consuming puree-type CIF. This information was necessary to determine the health risk assessment's hazard quotient (HQ) value. The samples were digested using a microwave digester and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results and Discussion: The concentrations of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in puree-type CIF ranged from 2.41 × 10-1 to 3.66 × 10-1 mg/kg, 2.12 × 10-3 to 9.71 × 10-3 mg/kg, 2.00 × 10-3 to 4.76 × 10-3 mg/kg, 1.36 × 10-2 to 5.70 × 10-1 mg/kg and 1.15 × 10-3 to 6.07 × 10-3 mg/kg, respectively. The hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for most of the samples were below 1. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for all the samples were lower than 10−4 and 10-6. Conclusion: Puree-type CIF should be monitored and regulated to ensure the safety of infants. The study's findings may help to clarify any possible health hazards associated with puree-type CIF. Keywords: Heavy metal, puree-type commercial infant food (CIF), health risk assessment, hazard quotient (HQ), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	30 Apr 2025 01:17
Last Modified:	30 Apr 2025 01:17
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2394

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