Ocular symptoms and tear film break up time (BUT) among secondary school students in Sabah, Malaysia: associations with school indoor air

Zainudin, Anis Zahira (2019) Ocular symptoms and tear film break up time (BUT) among secondary school students in Sabah, Malaysia: associations with school indoor air. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

INTRODUCtlON: The school that have poor indoor air quality can causes the children to experience headache and irritation of the eye, nose, and skin. OBJECTIVE: This study aim to investigate the air quality parameter (PM 10, PM2.s, VOC, humidity, temperature, formaldehyde and CO2) in indoor air from school environment with the break up time of the school children. METHOD: A set of ISAAC questionnaire was distributed to the Form 2 students, BUT measured by SIBUT and NIBUT and assessment of indoor air parameter was conducted using multirae (formaldehyde), dust trak (PM10 & PM2.5) and velocicalc (temperature, humidity, VOC & CO2). RESULTS: CO2 (p=0.047) and temperature (p=0.034) have correlation with eye swelling. Temperature (p=0.013) and humidity (p=0.012) have correlation with NIBUT of the left eye while temperature (p=0.002), humidity (p=0.004) and VOC (p=0.041) have correlation with NIBUT of the right eye. Regression analysis was conducted and the result showed that father' smoking was the risk factor for eye irritation of respondent (OR 2.309, p=0.022). Respondent who were smoker (OR 1.602, p=0.045), humidity (OR 0.619, p=0.0 10) and CO2 (OR 0.030, p=0.029) contributed to NIBUT of the left eye. Respondent smoking (OR=l.855, p=0.013) and humidity (OR=0.476, p =0.014) were risk factor for NIBUT of the right eye. CONCLUSION: CO2 and temperature level in classroom contributed to eye swelling. Temperature and humidity were significantly correlated with NIB UT of the left eye while temperature, humidity and VOC reduced the tear film break up time for NIBUT of the right eye. Smoking was the risk factor for the tear film break up time as well as the eyes symptoms reported by the respondent. The risk factor for NIBUT of the left eye were respondent's smoking, humidity and CO2 factors. Respondent smoking and humidity were risk factor for NIBUT of the right eye. Keywords: Tear film break up time, Ocular symptoms, Self-reported break up time and Non-invasive break up time

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	27 May 2025 07:33
Last Modified:	27 May 2025 07:33
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2412

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