Shafizal, Nuratiqah (2019) Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on iron and its link to haemoglobin level: a cross-sectional study in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)
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Abstract
Anaemia has been a global problem. Nearly half of pregnant women globally (40%) were anaemic. The prevalence in Malaysia was 8.2% (2015). Extensive studies reported nutrition education on iron and anaemia was effective in improving this condition. Hence, this study's objective was to determine the association between KAP on iron and haemoglobin (Hb) level in pregnant women. A total of 114 pregnant women at any gestational week, conveniently selected from 6 antenatal health clinics in Seremban. A self-administered questionnaire was used. It consisted of sociodemographic, pregnancy background, FACT-An questionnaire, selective-iron containing FFQ and KAP on iron. The anthropometry measurement and Hb level were obtained from subjects' medical record. Pearson Product moment correlation was used in determine the association between KAP on iron and Hb level. Mean ± SD of study population for age, gestational week and Hb level were 30 ± 4.54 years old, 26 ± 8.54 weeks and 11.52 ± 1.07 g/dL respectively. Majority subjects were Malay (72.8%), Islam (72.8%), had tertiary education (57%) and non-government employed (46.5%). Subjects' mean± SD dietary iron intake was 14.61 ± 7.85 mg/day, less than recommended requirement. Cereal and cereal products (M=3.79 ± 3.80 mg/day) as well as meat and meat products (M=3.75 ± 3.39 mg/day) were the main subjects' sources of dietary iron. Mean of subjects FACT-An score indicated subjects experienced less anaemia-related symptoms (M=46.43 ± 8.1 ). Most of subjects' pre-pregnancy BMI was in ideal weight category between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (47.4%). Subject KAP on iron score were considered as low level (M= 12.81 ± 6.31 ), high level (M= 14.22 ± 1.94) and medium level (M=8.08 ± 4.16) respectively. A significant inverse weak association between knowledge on iron and Hb level (r=-0.190, p<0.050). A nonsignificant inverse association between attitude and Hb level (r=-0.135, p>0.050) and weak positive association between practice and Hb level (r=0.067, p>0.050). Overall, this study has found that knowledge could influence Hb level. Therefore, nutrition education for pregnant women should continue progressively as it can also influence their attitude and practice in preventing and managing anaemia during pregnancy.
| Item Type: | Project Paper |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine |
| Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Science |
| Depositing User: | Ms Norafizah Radzuan |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2025 04:31 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2025 09:01 |
| URI: | http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2578 |
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