Urinary fluoride and fluoride exposure in drinking water among school children at Kudat, Sabah

Rusileh, Fedolfie (2014) Urinary fluoride and fluoride exposure in drinking water among school children at Kudat, Sabah. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text lp FPSK4 2014 6.pdf Download (22MB)

Abstract

Introduction: The crossectional study was conducted in two primary school at Kudat, Sabah. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the fluoride content in drinking water and urine samples among schoolchildren aged 11-12 years living in Kudat, Sabah and their correlation. Methodology: A total of 89 drinking water sources in the studied habitations were assessed for fluoride levels. Fluoride was estimated in urine of 89 schoolchildren randomly selected based on inclusive and exclusive criteria from two different primary school of these habitations. The fluoride concentration in drinking water and urine samples was determine using USEPA fluoride SPANS method. Result: The mean fluoride concentration in drinking water was 0.3578 (+1.16452) mg/L with rangc of 0.17-0.76 mg/L respectively. The mean urinary fluoride concentration was 1.4107 (i0.32781) mg/L with range of 0.70-2.37 mg/L. The National Standard for Drinking Water Quality with range of 0.70-2.37 mg/L. The National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) stated a range of 0.4 -0.6 ppm fluoride as the optimal range of fluoride level in drinking water. The number of Drinking water samples that contained fluoride levels higher than optimal range was 9 (10.1%) samples. While, 22 (24.7%) drinking water samples contained fluoride levels within the optimal range and 58 (65.1%) drinking water samples contained fluoride levels below the optimal range. Baselt (1980) reported that normal non-occupationally person has urinary fluoride level range from 0.2 to 3.2 mg/L. Result shows that all 89(100%) respondents had urinary fluoride levels within the normal range. There was no significant difference in urinary fluoride levels between male and female respondents (p=0.892). This study also found that there was no significant relationship between fluoride in drinking water and urinary fluoride (p=0.177) as additional fluoride exposure was assume to originate from other factor than drinking water such as food and fluoridated toothpaste. Conclusion: The results suggest that water supplies should be optimally fluoridated and further investigations on others factors of fluoride- exposure, total fluoride excretion, and consequently fluoride retention are needed.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Adni Syuhaida Zon
Date Deposited:	23 Nov 2022 00:45
Last Modified:	21 Mar 2023 03:21
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/353

Actions (login required)

View Item