Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selected Malaysian herbs on gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Zakaria., Mohamad Lutfi . (2011) Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selected Malaysian herbs on gram positive and gram negative bacteria. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Malaysia is rich in biodiversity encompassing a variety of herbs and scrubs with potential medicinal properties. Tinospira Crispa (Patawali), Anacardium Occidentale (Gajus), Garcinia Atroviridis (Asam gelugor) and Hibiscus Cannabinus (Kenaf) are some of the well-known local herbs that have been studied for their medicinal applications. For examples, Tinospora Crispa has been shown to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum (Abdul Rahman et al., 1999). The acidic nature of Garcinia Atroviridisis and Anacardium Occidentale has also been associated with antimicrobial and weight reducing properties (Mackeen et al., 2000; Kudi 1999). Another study also indicated Hibiscus Cannabinus of leaf extract can also kill earthworms better than the Standard Drug, Albendazole. (Kota Chaitanya Sravanti et al., 2011). Thus, this study was extended to evaluate broad spectrum-antimicrobial effects of Tinospira Ccrispa, Anacardium Occidentale, Garcinia Atroviridis and Hibiscus Cannabinus against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Aqueous extracts of the herbs were prepared with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as the test organisms representing pathogenic gram positive and negative bacteria respectively. Aqueous extracts that have been serially diluted were mixed with bacterial suspension in MHB at appropriate ratio. Upon 18h-incubation at 37oC, MIC was visually determined by taking the suspension that had no trace of bacterial growth. MBC was determined by further sub-culturing the extract-bacteria-suspension onto MHA. Disc diffusion method utilized the MBC of the respective extract using 5 mm filter disc. The MIC and MBC of the respective extract for both test organisms were similar; 227.27 mg/mL for Tinospira Crispa and Anacardium Occidentale, 113.64 mg/ml for Hibiscus Cannabinus, and 56.82 mg/mL for Garcinia Atroviridis. In disc diffusion method, all extracts showed a similar inhibition zone ~(8.67-9.67) on both test organisms. All extracts showed antibacterial activities but Garcinia Atroviridis could be more efficient due to its lower MBC followed by Hibiscus Cannabinus and others. This was supported by disc diffusion’s result that although the extract’s concentration used to soak the disc differed accordingly for each extract, all showed a similar size of inhibition zone. Lastly, the effect of all extracts may be bactericidal as their respective MIC and MBC are equal.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	23 Nov 2022 00:46
Last Modified:	28 Aug 2023 07:23
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/355

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