Total aluminium (AL) in gravity feed system (GFS) water and health risk assessment among the Orang Asli from Kampung Sungai Lalang Baru, Hulu Langat, Selangor

Ngadina, Norasliza (2016) Total aluminium (AL) in gravity feed system (GFS) water and health risk assessment among the Orang Asli from Kampung Sungai Lalang Baru, Hulu Langat, Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text Ip FPSK4 2016 24.pdf Download (31MB)

Abstract

Introduction: Gravity Feed Water System (GFS) in Malaysia is one of the water supply from a small upland river, impounded within a protected catchment and it is an example of a sustainable water supply technology requiring no treatment for rural area. Aluminium (Al) may present in the GFS water since aluminium can naturally present and released in rocks and soil. As consequence, those consumers whom consuming drinking water high in aluminium content tend to have risks of developing neurodegenerative diseases especially Alzheimer's Disease. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine and compare the aluminium concentration and pH level in GFS water samples with National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Besides that, this study also aimed to determine the health risk assessment related to aluminium in drinking water among respondents. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed at Kampung Sungai Lalang Baru, Hulu Langat among 102 respondents. The data collection was conducted by using a set of questionnaire and collected water samples from each of respondent's houses by using 250ml HDPE bottle. Then, the samples was analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to measure aluminium concentration. The pH of water sample also was measured using pH meter. Results: There was significant inverse correlation relationship between aluminium concentration with water pH level (r=-0.268, p=0.007). A significant difference was found when aluminium concentration were lower than acceptable limit according to NSDWQ (0.2 mg/L) when p < 0.01. The minimum and maximum of aluminium concentration were 0. 1 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L respectively. Lastly, there was no health risk of aluminium exposure among respondents when the Hazard Index (HI) was less than 1 (HI<1). Conclusion: This study found meanaluminium 0.07mg/L below the acceptable limit according to NSDWQ (0.2mg/L). Thecalculated Hazard Index that did not exceed 1. Thus, the respondents at study area are considered safe from having chronic health risk related to the aluminium exposuretowards nervous system (Alzheimers's Disease) during the period of study conduct. Keywords: Aluminium, Orang Asli, GFS, water pH level, drinking water, National Standard for Drinking Water Quality, Hazard Index, Alzheimer's Disease.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Fazril Awang
Date Deposited:	23 Nov 2022 03:45
Last Modified:	23 Nov 2022 03:45
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/441

Actions (login required)

View Item