Optimization of palm oil extraction from decanter cake by using Soxhlet extraction

Tie, Hieng Ong (2019) Optimization of palm oil extraction from decanter cake by using Soxhlet extraction. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Oil palm decanter cake (OPDC) is a solid biomass waste from palm oil mill where it is generated from a decanter. A proposed method for palm oil extraction was developed with the application of Soxhlet extraction through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum of two parameters such as reaction time and solid to solvent ratio to achieve the maximum oil yield by Soxhlet extraction. The optimum parameters for laboratory scale of Soxhlet extraction designed by RSM were found to be at 4.923 hours of reaction time and solid to solvent ratio of 1:10. The proposed model design by RSM shows R2 value of 0.776 where the experimental parameters were significant to the result. Considering the optimum parameters achieved based on three criteria stated such as minimum reaction time, minimum solvent ratio and maximum oil yield and the optimized data was employed for comparison of oil yield for OPDC without and with microwave pre-treatment. OPDC with microwave pre-treatment yielded 3.289g of palm oil which was higher than that of OPDC without microwave pre-treatment which yielded only 3.107g of palm oil. Physical chemical analyses on the extracted oil and biological analysis on OPDC were also determined for both samples. The result for specific gravity, L*a*b colour and refractive of extracted oil for OPDC without and with pre-treatment were 0.960 and 0.897; 58.8L*6.0a*29.3b and 58.7L*5.8a*29.0b; and 1.462 nd. and 1.462 nd. respectively. Biological analysis with SEM images indicated that OPDC with pre-treatment has more shrinkage on the surface after Soxhlet extraction compare to OPDC without pre-treatment. Chemical analysis by using FTIR showed that both oil sample with two major functional groups indicated the present of fatty acid in the oil sample. Result of this study revealed that RSM helps to optimize parameters in agricultural processing. The extracted oil from OPDC has potential of being used as biodiesel due to the present of ester.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Engineering
Depositing User:	Ms Siti Mariam Giman
Date Deposited:	17 Nov 2022 01:02
Last Modified:	17 Nov 2022 01:02
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/524

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