Concentration of heavy metals in instant noodles and health risk assessment among public and private university students in Selangor

SARIFUDIN, AHMAD NAQUIB (2020) Concentration of heavy metals in instant noodles and health risk assessment among public and private university students in Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Instant noodle has been a phenomenon food with its conveniences to be consumed. Therefore, contamination of instant noodles also inevitably occurs from various angles, such as heavy metals that can affect consumer health based on the amount and frequency of consumption. Objective: In those context, the study was conducted to assess heavy metal concentrations of Zinc (Zn), Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) in commercial brands of instant noodles consumed by both public and private university students, to determine the frequency and factors of instant noodle consumption, as well as to calculate the health risk of consuming heavy metals contaminated instant noodle. Methodology: A set of questionnaires was used to obtain sociodemographic and instant noodle consumption information from each respondent. Ten most preferable instant noodle samples were analyzed for heavy metals concentration by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). Then, health risk assessed by using PTWI, HQ/HI for non-carcinogenic risk, and LCR for carcinogenic risk assessment. Results: The results showed that heavy metals were present in all instant noodles samples with Zn, Al, As and Hg exceeded the Malaysian Food Act permissible limit in most samples. It also found that the consumption from both groups were classified less frequent which by average, both groups consumed instant noodle once a week. Factors of consumption from Group 1 and Group 2 were easy to prepare and there were a significant difference for factor of cheap. PTWI and HI showed insignificant health risk which may related to less frequent of instant noodle intake among the respondents. However, long term consumption may significantly increase the risk of cancer related health effects contributed by Cd and Ni exposure. Recommendation: Future and further study is needed on involving more heavy metals for more variety of instant noodles available in Malaysia. Composite sampling should be used for instant noodle sampling, while the respondent sampling should be done simustaneously to prevent wider gaps among the groups in numbers of participation. Monitoring and follow-ups for the significant cancer risk in some commercial brands stated in this study should be continued with exploring more brands to find it out. Key words: Instant Noodles, heavy metals, PTWI, HQ, Hi, LCR Research area: Food Safety

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Hafizzuddin Hamidon
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2023 07:05
Last Modified:	12 Apr 2023 07:05
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/839

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