A cross sectional study on Nitrate in groundwater and its health risk assessment among residents in Tumpat, Kelantan

MOHD ZAKI, MUHAMMAD FAIZ AFZAL (2020) A cross sectional study on Nitrate in groundwater and its health risk assessment among residents in Tumpat, Kelantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Nitrogen in water can initiate from both natural and anthropogenic source that can reach surface water and groundwater. Nitrate can easily move through water and soil when there is excessive rainfall and excessive nitrate from agricultural fertilizer. When high amount of inorganic nitrogen is use as fertilizer in a rice cultivation, the fertilizer will be decomposed to an ammonia and it will be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrogen from fertilizer will easily move to the groundwater and high concentration of nitrate in groundwater will affect the residents who use groundwater as their source of drinking water. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the level of nitrate in groundwater and health risk assessment in Cherang Melintang Village at Tumpat, Kelantan located in north-east of Peninsular Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2020 to determine the association health risk and nitrate exposure in groundwater. Data collection for this study are using water sampling technique for water analysis and questionnaire to collect the data from respondents. Nitrate level were determined using Portable PH/ORP/ISE Meter Model HI98191 with an attached nitrate electrode. Results: The concentration of nitrate does not exceed the maximum acceptable nitrate level in drinking water that is 10mg/L. The Mean ± SD of the nitrate concentration was 2.91 ± 2.57 ppm, while the range was from 0.42 – 8.78 ppm. Besides, for characteristics of wells the Mean ± SD of age of wells, depth of wells and distance of wells from source of nitrate is 3.24 ± 1.779, 2.40 ± 0.782 and 14.04±8.425. Discussion: Based on the data that was collected during January 2020, the concentration of nitrate in the study area's groundwater was below the Malaysian National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) Maximum Permissible Limit and the USEPA International Standard (10 mg L−1). From the spearman rho correlation test, neither age (years) nor depth (meter) had no significant correlation with nitrate concentration is above 0.05 (p >0.05). Indeed, there is a significant correlation between distance of well from source of nitrate (meter) and nitrate level (p < 0.05) with the coefficient of correlation, r = - 0.40. Conclusion: The residents in Cherang Melintang Village can still consume drinking water source from groundwater because the result obtained for Hazard Quotient (HQ) was lower than 1 which it is no adverse health impact on residents due to nitrate exposure Keywords: Nitrate, Groundwater, Hazard Quotient, Kelantan

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Hafizzuddin Hamidon
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2023 06:21
Last Modified:	24 Aug 2023 06:21
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/886

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