Association between the exposure to air pollutants with respiratory health symptoms among commercial bus drivers in Kelantan

AYUB, ZHAFIR ADAM (2021) Association between the exposure to air pollutants with respiratory health symptoms among commercial bus drivers in Kelantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Air pollution is no longer an odd issue for us to listen up, raising up or fighting up. Without having a deep sense of concern and having high hypocrisy, we are facing two huge problems, which are environmental health and our health as human being. It is typically divided into two categories which are indoor pollution and outdoor pollution. Apparently, most people are aware enough of man-made outdoor air pollution such as emission of contaminated substances into the air from industries and vehicles or traffic air pollution (TRAP). However, TRAP also can be dangerous by penetrating into the vehicle cabin affects indoor air quality. Objective: To study the association between working history and respiratory health symptoms among the bus drivers in Kota Bharu. Methodology: Focusing on the respiratory effects towards the exposure of air pollutants, 51 bus drivers and 51 administrative staffs (comparative group) aged 20 to 56 years old who operate the public bus in Kota Bharu area will be selected. Purposive sampling method will be used to fulfil the inclusive criteria for both groups. The respondents will be given a questionnaire based on American Thoracic Society (ATS-DLD-78-A). After that, measuring of air pollutants inside the bus cabin will be conducted based on main parameter (PM2.5, CO2 and NO2). All the data collected from questionnaires were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (SPSS). Results: There was a significant difference in age and educational level for both groups. Besides, there was a significant difference in duration years of working between these two groups. Next, there was a significant difference in respiratory health symptoms of cough, phlegm and chronic phlegm between the study groups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in level of pollutant (PM2.5, CO2 and NO2) between morning and afternoon in five days of sampling. Lastly, cough, phlegm and chronic phlegm had an association with the working history of the respondents (years). Keywords: respiratory symptoms, indoor air pollutant, bus cabin, working history (years)

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Hafizzuddin Hamidon
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2023 04:40
Last Modified:	24 Aug 2023 04:40
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/953

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