Health risk assessment of exposure to iron in gravity feed system water among indigenous people in Sungai Mas Village, Sungai Lembing, Kuantan

Mohd Hanafi, Nurul Ashikin (2023) Health risk assessment of exposure to iron in gravity feed system water among indigenous people in Sungai Mas Village, Sungai Lembing, Kuantan. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

Text 200531 NURUL ASHIKIN lpFPSK4 2023 10.pdf Download (3MB)

Abstract

Introduction: In Sungai Mas Village, Sungai Lembing, the gravity feed system is the principal source of drinking water. This study looked into the level of heavy metals such as iron in the water system to learn about and minimise any potential harmful health impacts on indigenous peoples who rely on piped-gravity water for their daily consumption. The water sources may be contaminated due to human activity. Furthermore, these gravity-feed system water catchments are an essential supply of fresh drinking water for rural areas. In Sungai Mas Village, the community comprises indigenous people who are a vulnerable group. Much research mentions the health effects of consuming too high a concentration of iron in drinking water can result in health problems such as hemochromatosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, diabetes mellitus and neurological issues. Objectives: To determine the health risk exposure of iron level in drinking water from gravity feed system among residents at Sungai Mas Village, Sungai Lembing, Kuantan Pahang. Methodology: A cross-sectional research was carried out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The purposive sampling method was used to select respondents of jakun and semaq beri tribe. A total of 104 respondents were selected from the study area. This research had two parts; questionnaire, as well as water sample collection and analysis. Tap water was stored in 250 mL high-density polyethene (HDPE) bottles. Each house's tap water was collected straight from a pipe in the kitchen. The faucet was turned on, and the water was allowed to flow for 1-2 minutes before collecting the samples. pH and temperature were measured at the study location for all the water quality assessments, including iron levels. The iron level was determined using Hanna Instruments HI801-02 iris Visible Spectrophotometer, while the pH level was determined using EUTECH Cyberscan pH 310 Series Meter. Results and Discussion: Median and IQR of iron were 0.080 and 0.030 mg/L, respectively. There was no relationship between iron and pH levels of drinking water samples in the study area. There was no significant difference between iron levels in drinking water and the National Standard for Drinking Water Quality and the value ranged between 0.030 - 0.550 mg/L. There was no health risk of iron exposure among respondents. The HQ was <1. Conclusion: Generally, drinking water containing iron had no adverse health effects. The iron in drinking water in this study was not influenced. So there are no carcinogenic effects on the community in Sungai Mas Village, Sungai Lembing. Keywords: Iron, Gravity Feed System Water, Health Risk Assessment, Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) Hazard Quotient (HQ)

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms Norafizah Radzuan
Date Deposited:	11 Mar 2024 07:41
Last Modified:	11 Mar 2024 07:41
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1645

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